The Development of Empathy, Guilt, and Internalization of Distress

By C. Zahn-Waxler. 2000

151 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d7169e5cef83ba6ce1b40cf897ff7a42913941cc

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In Clinical Psychology

Citations in the corpus

Toddlers' Empathy-Related Responding to Distress: Predictions From Negative Emotionality and Maternal Behavior in Infancy (2006, background): “Because children’s internalization (or guilt) and empathy-related responding to distress are both important and parallel components of moral development (Zahn-Waxler, 2000), it is possible that similar processes will explain individual differences in these behaviors.”
A Heuristic for Developing Transdiagnostic Models of Psychopathology (2011, background): “In addition, studies suggest that children with a history of sexual or emotional abuse may develop dysregulated stress responses, as measured by cortisol levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and cardiac measures (Heim, Plotsky, & Nemeroff, 2004; Zahn-Waxler, 2000).”
Gender Differences in Emotion Expression in Children: A Meta-Analytic Review (2012, background): “Sadness and anxiety displays are consistent with being concerned for others and generating feelings of closeness with others, both of which are aspects of prosocial development (Zahn-Waxler, 2001).”
Parental Emotion Socialization in Adolescence: Differences in Sex, Age and Problem Status. (2007, background): “Some have noted that fathers tend to be more differentiated than mothers in their parenting practices with their sons and daughters (for reviews see Lytton & Romney, 1991; Siegal, 1987), and as such, provide critical feedback about appropriate sex-role emotional behaviors (Zahn-Waxler, 2000).”
A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. (2006, background): “A third aspect of individuals' social– cognitive style in relationships involves their sensitivity to others' distress, referred to as empathy (Eisenberg & Lennon, 1983; Zahn-Waxler, 2000).”
Parental socialization of emotion expression: gender differences and relations to child adjustment. (2005, background): “A tendency to express submissive emotions may be related to internalizing problems, although internalizing disorders themselves generally do not emerge until late childhood or early adolescence (Fivush & Buckner, 2000; Gjerde, 1993; Izard, 1972; Zahn-Waxler, 2001; Zahn-Waxler et al., 1991).”
Gender Differences in Depression (2001, background): “Abuse experiences can also negatively alter children’s and adolescents’ perspectives on themselves and others, contributing to their vulnerability to depression (Zahn-Waxler, 2000).”
Gender Differences in the Effects of Strain on the Delinquency of South Korean Youth (2007, unknown): “…in forming and maintaining positive relationships with family and friends (Broidy & Agnew, 1997; Compas & Phares, 1991; Conger, Lorenz, Elder, Simons, & Ge, 1993; Stark, Spirito, Williams, & Guevrermont, 1989; Turner, Wheaton, & Lloyd, 1995; Wethingtron, McLeod, & Kessler, 1987; Zahn-Waxler, 2000).”
Why are women underrepresented in Computer Science? Gender differences in stereotypes, self-efficacy, values, and interests and predictors of future CS course-taking and grades (2014, background): “…’ s desire to have a “ balanced ” life with multiple roles and goals (Eccles, 1994; Eccles et al., 1999), and many women ’ s interpersonal orientation i.e. their tendency to value careers with opportunities for social interaction and nurturing (Lippa, 1998; Rommes et al., 2007; Zahn-Waxler, 2000).”