RNA interference--2001.

By Phillip A. Sharp. Genes & Development, 2001

734 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In the few years since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi; Fire et al. 1998), it has become clear that this process is ancient. RNAi, the oldest and most ubiquitous antiviral system, appeared before the divergence of plants and animals. Because aspects of RNAi, known as cosuppression, also control the expression of transposable elements and repetitive sequences (Ketting et al. 1999; Tabara et al. 1999), the interplay of RNAi and transposon activities have almost certainly shaped the structure of the genome of most organisms. Surprisingly, we are only now beginning to explore the molecular processes responsible for RNAi and to appreciate the breadth of its function in biology. Practical applications of this knowledge have allowed rapid surveys of gene functions (see Fraser et al. 2000 and Gönczey et al. 2000 for RNAi analysis of genes on chromosome I and III of Caenorhabditis elegans) and will possibly result in new therapeutic interventions. Genetic studies have expanded the biology of RNAi to cosuppression, transposon silencing, and the first hints of relationships to regulation of translation and development. The possible roles of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in RNAi have been expanded. Many experiments indicate that dsRNA directs gene-specific methylation of DNA and, thus, regulation at the stage of transcription in plants. Cosuppression may involve regulation by polycomb complexes at the level of transcription in C. elegans and Drosophila. This article will review these topics and primarily summarize advances in the study of RNAi over the past year.

Subfields: Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d442beb08c78aa19da353d48291c524d7b995933

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Citations in the corpus

Both natural and designed micro RNAs can inhibit the expression of cognate mRNAs when expressed in human cells. (2002, background): “the degradation of mRNA molecules containing perfectly matched complementary targets, a process termed RNA interference (RNAi) (Sharp, 2001).”
Antisense oligonucleotides: basic concepts and mechanisms. (2002, background): “siRNA, can effectively silence gene expression (71, 72).”
Gene silencing in mammals by small interfering RNAs (2002, background): “A common pathway for stRNAs and siRNAs The size similarity between the siRNAs and stRNAs indicated a potential link between RNAi and stRNA-mediated silencin”
Non‐coding RNAs: the architects of eukaryotic complexity (2001, background): “There are a number of poorly understood genetic phenomena in higher eukaryotes which include RNAi, co-suppression, transgene silencing, position effect variegation, imprinting, DNA methylation, X-chromosome dosage compensation and transvection, all of which share features in common (Judd, 1995; Fire”
On the role of RNA amplification in dsRNA-triggered gene silencing. (2001, background): “…retroviral type reverse transcriptases) are capable of RNA (dsRNA) as a signal to trigger the sequence-spe- polymerizing RNA in response to certain RNA templates cific degradation of homologous mRNA (see Sharp, 2001 (e.g., Diener, 1991; Filipovska and Konarska, 2000; Mofor a recent review).”
siRNA-directed inhibition of HIV-1 infection (2002, background): “gif" NDATA ITEM> ]> RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) that has been described in plants, invertebrates and, more recently, in mammalian cell”
Single-stranded antisense siRNAs guide target RNA cleavage in RNAi. (2002, background): “A 5 phosphate is required at the targetRNA interference (RNAi) (for recent reviews, see Hannon, complementary strand of a siRNA duplex for RISC activ2002; Zamore, 2002; Matzke et al., 2001; Sharp, 2001; ity, and ATP is used to maintain the 5 phosphates of the Tuschl, 2001).”