Forming functional fat: a growing understanding of adipocyte differentiation

By Ana G. Cristancho, Mitchell A. Lazar. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2011

1,333 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Adipose tissue, which is primarily composed of adipocytes, is crucial for maintaining energy and metabolic homeostasis. Adipogenesis is thought to occur in two stages: commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to a preadipocyte fate and terminal differentiation. Cell shape and extracellular matrix remodelling have recently been found to regulate preadipocyte commitment and competency by modulating WNT and RHO-family GTPase signalling cascades. Adipogenic stimuli induce terminal differentiation in committed preadipocytes through the epigenomic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). The coordination of PPARγ with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors maintains adipocyte gene expression. Improving our understanding of these mechanisms may allow us to identify therapeutic targets against metabolic diseases that are rapidly becoming epidemic globally.

Subfields: Biochemistry, Epidemiology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cce6e9f1f73cfede908628cab18d55630ece024a

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Citations in the corpus

Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals and Metabolic Disorders (2016, neutral): “neuroectodermal or mesodermal depending on where the fat body originates; differentiation of adipocytes requires a committed pre-adipocyte progenitor [110, 111].”
Adipose tissue and adipocytes supports tumorigenesis and metastasis (2013, background): “Brown and white adipocytes arise from a similar mesenchymal stem cell which is driven by brown or white adipocyte-specific transcription factors to differentiate towards white and brown adipogenesis in early development [13].”
Adipocytokines in Obesity and Metabolic Disease (2014, positive): “Sfrp5 regulates multiple Wnt proteins that play a crucial role in adipogenesis (Cristancho & Lazar 2011).”
Adipocyte Inflammation is Essential for Healthy Adipose Tissue Expansion and Remodeling (2014, background): “…responses in adipose tissue are essential for both proper ECM remodeling and angiogenesis, two processes known to facilitate adipogenesis in vivo, and therefore are likely mediators of the inflammation-induced adipose tissue expansion phenomenon (Cao, 2007; Cristancho and Lazar, 2011).”
Mechanisms and Metabolic Implications of Regional Differences among Fat Depots (2013, background): “…responsiveness, and lipolysis; increased secretion of some adipokines (e.g., leptin) and decreased secretion of others (e.g., PAI-1); and changes in extracellular matrix component production, microRNAs, histones, and chromatin structure (reviewed in Cristancho and Lazar, 2011; Tang and Lane, 2012).”
What We Talk About When We Talk About Fat (2014, positive): “pogenesis; most of these exert their actions at least in part by inducing or repressing expression of PPARg (Cristancho and Lazar, 2011; Rosen and MacDougald, 2006).”
Oxidative Stress in Obesity: A Critical Component in Human Diseases (2014, background): “, fibroblasts, fibroblastic pre-adipocytes, endothelial and immune cells) [6], secreting hormones and cytokines (adipokines or adipocytokines) which exercise endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine action on the whole body.”
Redox regulation of FoxO transcription factors (2015, background): “Adipogenesis takes place in adipose tissue, where mesenchymal stem cells are first committed to preadipocytes, which subsequently undergo clonal expansion, growth arrest and terminal differentiation into mature fat-accumulating adipocytes [221].”