Adipose tissue and adipocytes supports tumorigenesis and metastasis
By K. Nieman, Iris L. Romero, B. Van Houten, E. Lengyel. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2013
691 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Adipose tissue influences tumor development in two major ways. First, obese individuals have a higher risk of developing certain cancers (endometrial, esophageal, and renal cell cancer). However, the risk of developing other cancers (melanoma, rectal, and ovarian) is not altered by body mass. In obesity, hypertrophied adipose tissue depots are characterized by a state of low grade inflammation. In this activated state, adipocytes and inflammatory cells secrete adipokines and cytokines which are known to promote tumor development. In addition, the adipocyte mediated conversion of androgens to estrogen specifically contributes to the development of endometrial cancer, which shows the greatest relative risk (6.3-fold) increase between lean and obese individuals. Second, many tumor types (gastric, breast, colon, renal, and ovarian) grow in the anatomical vicinity of adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes dedifferentiate into pre-adipocytes or are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA). CAA secrete adipokines which stimulate the adhesion, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Cancer cells and CAA also undergo a dynamic exchange of metabolites. Specifically, CAA release fatty acids through lipolysis which are then transferred to cancer cells and used for energy production through β-oxidation. The abundant availability of lipids from adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment supports tumor progression and uncontrolled growth. Given that adipocytes are a major source of adipokines and energy for the cancer cell, understanding the mechanisms of metabolic symbiosis between cancer cells and adipocytes should reveal new therapeutic possibilities.
Subfields: Cancer Research, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b8128aa5240f5300cf321e2b14173e963aeeb75
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In Cancer Research
Citations in the corpus
- Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in cancer (2019, background): “It has long been appreciated that adipose tissue is implicated in metabolic syndromes such as obesity, and functions as an endocrine system that secretes growth factors, cytokines and free FAs following lipolysis.(10) In this respect, coculture, as opposed to isolated, cell systems have been instrum”
- The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses (2020, background): “Adipocytes and other cell types such as pericytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and pluripotent stem cells make up adipose tissue consisting of two main types white and brown (133).”