Different phosphorylated forms of RNA polymerase II and associated mRNA processing factors during transcription.

By P. Komarnitsky, E. Cho, S. Buratowski. Genes & Development, 2000

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The activities of several mRNA processing factors are coupled to transcription through binding to RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The largest subunit of Pol II contains a repetitive carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) that becomes highly phosphorylated during transcription. mRNA-capping enzyme binds only to phosphorylated CTD, whereas other processing factors may bind to both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms. Capping occurs soon after transcription initiation and before other processing events, raising the question of whether capping components remain associated with the transcription complex after they have modified the 5' end of the mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows that capping enzyme cross-links to promoters but not coding regions. In contrast, the mRNA cap methyltransferase and the Hrp1/CFIB polyadenylation factor cross-link to both promoter and coding regions. Remarkably, the phosphorylation pattern of the CTD changes during transcription. Ser 5 phosphorylation is detected primarily at promoter regions dependent on TFIIH. In contrast, Ser 2 phosphorylation is seen only in coding regions. These results suggest a dynamic association of mRNA processing factors with differently modified forms of the polymerase throughout the transcription cycle.

Subfields: Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c3ff97453b53cd8a23933dcb2e60de5e829cf226

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Citations in the corpus

Intergenic transcription is required to repress the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SER3 gene (2004, methodology): “The PCR primers used to amplify the GAL1 UAS and the control region from chromosome V that lacks open reading frames have been previously describe”
Menin associates with a trithorax family histone methyltransferase complex and with the hoxc8 locus. (2004, background): “The Ser 5 CTD phosphorylation is associated with the promoter regions of RNA polymerase II transcribed genes, while the Ser 2 CTD phosphorylation is associated with the coding regions of these genes; Ser 2 and Ser 5 phosphorylation events appear to be generally exclusive (Komarnitsky et al., 2000).”
Progression through the RNA polymerase II CTD cycle (2009, background): “Although the correlation between Ser2P and elongation was discovered a number of years ago (Komarnitsky et al., 2000), recent discoveries have uncovered interesting complexities in the responsible kinases.”
Phosphorylation and functions of the RNA polymerase II CTD. (2006, background): “These results are consistent with ChIP experiments utilizing a mAb (H14) specific for Ser5P, which yield a strong Ser5P signal at the 5 ends of transcription units (Komarnitsky et al. 2000).”
How the ubiquitin–proteasome system controls transcription (2003, background): “The phosphorylation status of the pol II CTD changes during transcriptio”
The RNA polymerase II CTD coordinates transcription and RNA processing. (2012, background): “In yeast, mutations that reduce Kin28 kinase activity abolish Ser5 phosphorylation at promoters (Komarnitsky et al. 2000; Rodriguez et al. 2000).”
Targeted recruitment of Set1 histone methylase by elongating Pol II provides a localized mark and memory of recent transcriptional activity. (2003, background): “MLL/ALL is a componentsition between initiation and elongation, and Set1 inof an H3-K4 methylase that is recruited to active Hoxteracts with the form of Pol II whose CTD is phosphorypromoters (Milne et al., 2002; Nakamura et al., 2002).lated at serine 5 but not serine 2.”
Pre-mRNA processing reaches back to transcription and ahead to translation. (2009, neutral): “Serine 5 phosphorylation (Ser5P) along the CTD repeats is a hallmark of early transcription elongation, whereas serine 2 phosphorylation (Ser2P) is associated with later-stage elongation (Komarnitsky et al., 2000).”
The General Transcription Machinery and General Cofactors (2006, background): “Phosphorylation of serine 5 leads to the recruitment of 5′ capping enzyme (Cho et al., 1997; Komarnitsky et al., 2000; Rodriguez et al., 2000; Schroeder et al., 2000; Pei et al., 2001) and is impli-”
Methylation of Histone H3 by Set2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Linked to Transcriptional Elongation by RNA Polymerase II (2003, methodology): “As has been previously observed, there was an apparent decline in the density of RNAPII from the 5 end to the 3 end of the gene even in a wild-type strain (23), and there was a similar 5 -to-3 decline in a set2 strain.”
Recognition of RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain by 3′-RNA-processing factors (2004, background): “During transcription initiation, the CTD becomes phosphorylated at Ser 5 (ref”
c-Myc regulates transcriptional pause release (2010, background): “2004; Komarnitsky et al., 2000; McCracken et al., 1997b; Ni et al., 2004).”