Parasocial Interaction: A Review of the Literature and a Model for Future Research

By David C. Giles. 2002

1,038 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Communication, Gender Studies, Literature and Literary Theory

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b58a93b32c6c6bbc2e9006beff2a7e5f6493293d

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Citations in the corpus

A Model and Measure of US Parents' Perceptions of Young Children's Parasocial Relationships (2014, methodology): “Based on prior scales and empirical research (Giles, 2002; Hoffner, 1996; Hoffner, 2008), five items were included on the PSR scale to quantify personification of children’s favorite media characters.”
Audience involvement and film tourism experiences: emotional places, emotional experiences. (2011, background): “…developing parasocial interaction, identification, empathy, and/or reflection from audiences’ reception side are indeed at the centre of audience viewing experiences in particular, a genre of serialised TV dramas including soap operas (Creeber, 2001; Giles, 2002; Hobson, 2003; Kincaid, 2002).”
Examining Relational Maintenance in Parasocial Relationships (2012, methodology): “It is important to note that, whereas the model is hypothesized to be similar in both types of relationships, previous research (e.g., Gleich, as cited by Giles, 2002) suggests the levels of the individual variables will differ.”
Horton and Wohl Revisited: Exploring Viewers' Experience of Parasocial Interaction (2011, background): “Department of Communication Science, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Linking back to D. Horton and R. Wohl (1956), the present approach conceptualizes and empirically examines viewers’ parasocial interaction experience with a TV performer.”
The Use of Media Entertainment and Emotional Gratification (2010, background): “Unlike the premise of early theories (e.g., Rosengren & Windahl, 1972), such parasocial relationships do not seem to serve as a compensation for deficiencies in social life, but rather as a complementary source of social and emotional gratification (cf., Giles, 2002).”
Loneliness, Gender, and Parasocial Interaction: A Uses and Gratifications Approach (2008, background): “Although demographic variables have not been consistently related to parasocial interaction (Giles, 2002), gender may be a moderator between types of loneliness and parasocial interaction for several reasons.”
Acceptance of cosmetic surgery and celebrity worship: evidence of associations among female undergraduates (2009, neutral): “…in general (for reviews, see Calogero, Boroughs, & Thompson, 2007; Groesz, Levine, & Murnen, 2002), attachments to media figures has been highlighted as one particular aspect of media influence that can shape cognitions during adolescence and early adulthood (for a review, see Giles, 2002).”
The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis (2005, methodology): “that PSI is under-theorized, treated as uni-dimensional by some and multidimensional by others, and used to describe an antecedent, a process, and an outcome (Auter & Palmgreen, 2000; Cohen, 2001; Giles, 2002; Rubin & Rubin, 2001). PSI has been used to describe disparate responses of affinity, inter”
Influencer Marketing and Authenticity in Content Creation (2021, methodology): “Second, our findings add to the parasocial literature (Giles, 2002) and attribution-based framework (Kapitan & Silvera, 2016; Orth et al.”
‘You really are a great big sister’ – parasocial relationships, credibility, and the moderating role of audience comments in influencer marketing (2020, background): “According to Giles (2002), a dyadic conversation between two people in an online context would be classified as social, but the more people are added to the audience, the more illusionary and parasocial the interaction becomes.”
Perceived values of TV drama, audience involvement, and behavioral intention in film tourism (2018, background): “As a result of this, the audience feels companionship with the actors and identifies with them; this finally leads to dependency on the media (Giles, 2002; Schiappa, Allen, & Gregg, 2007).”
When social media influencers endorse brands: the effects of self-influencer congruence, parasocial identification, and perceived endorser motive (2019, background): “In this regard, both the motive to compensate for loneliness and the dependency on media usage drive a media viewer to exhibit one-sided parasocial identification with a media character (Giles 2002; Giles and Maltby 2004).”