A Constructivist Approach to Online Learning: The Community of Inquiry Framework

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The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: A retrospective (2010, background): “Swan et al. (2009) note the need to explore the relationship between social and cognitive presence.”
A structural equation model of predictors of online learners’ engagement and satisfaction (2019, background): “The CoI framework suggests that three elements—teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence—work together to create and maintain a collaborative community of inquiry and effective learning processes in online education environments (Akyol & Garrison, 2008; Kozan & Richardson, 2014; Swa”
Online Education and Its Effective Practice: A Research Review (2016, background): “Social presence is a key component in online education and has a direct impact in many ways on the development of a learning community and interaction in online environments (Kehrward, 2008; Swan, Garrison, & Richardson, 2009).”
The Predictive Relationship Among the Community of Inquiry Framework, Perceived Learning and Online, and Graduate Students’ Course Grades in Online Synchronous and Asynchronous Courses (2016, background): “Szapkiw, 2012 Block 2 Course format Arbaugh, 2008; Rockinson- Szapkiw, 2012 Block 3 Community of Inquiry (cognitive, social, and teaching) Arbaugh et al., 2008; Shea et al., 2012; Swan et al., 2009 Block 4 Perceived learning Wighting et al., 2013; Kang et al., 2014”