The Schoolwork Engagement Inventory: Energy, dedication, and absorption (EDA).

By K. Salmela‐Aro, Katja Upadaya. 2012

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Dark and bright sides of thriving – school burnout and engagement in the Finnish context (2017, background): “Schoolwork engagement can be defined along three dimensions: energy, dedication, and absorption (Salmela-Aro & upadaya, 2012; Schaufeli, Salanova, gonzález-romá, & Bakker, 2002).”
Academic Engagement: An Overview of Its Definitions, Dimensions, and Major Conceptualisations (2016, background): “Additionally, in a two-wave study involving 1530 upper-secondary and vocational students, Salmela-Aro and Upadaya (2012) noticed that students’ GPA was positively associated with vigor, dedication, and absorption at both time points.”
Study engagement and burnout profiles among Finnish higher education students (2017, methodology): “Recent studies have found a negative correlation between school burnout and school engagement (Salmela-Aro & Upadaya, 2012; Schaufeli, Salanova et al., 2002), and in a cross-lagged model burnout negatively predicted later engagement in school (Salmela-Aro & Upadyaya, 2014).”
Integrating the light and dark sides of student engagement using person-oriented and situation-specific approaches (2016, methodology): “As all the items have been found to load on one and the same factor of student engagement in previous studies (Salmela-Aro& Upadaya, 2012), we used the mean composite score of all nine items as a measure of schoolwork engagement.”