Coexistence of Quiescent and Active Adult Stem Cells in Mammals

By Linheng Li, Hans Clevers. 2010

1,263 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In the (Stem Cell) Zone Efforts to isolate and characterize various types of stem cells have revealed much about the molecular mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as the function of the microenvironment, or stem cell niche. Li and Clevers (p. 542) review what is known about stem cells in the hair follicle, bone marrow, and intestinal epithelium and suggest that two stem cell populations, one that is quiescent and one that is actively in the cell cycle, may coexist in these tissues in a so-called “zoned” stem cell model. Adult stem cells are crucial for physiological tissue renewal and regeneration after injury. Prevailing models assume the existence of a single quiescent population of stem cells residing in a specialized niche of a given tissue. Emerging evidence indicates that both quiescent (out of cell cycle and in a lower metabolic state) and active (in cell cycle and not able to retain DNA labels) stem cell subpopulations may coexist in several tissues, in separate yet adjoining locations. Here, we summarize these findings and propose that quiescent and active stem cell populations have separate but cooperative functional roles.

Subfields: Genetics, Oncology, Urology

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Citations in the corpus

Adult Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Brain: Significant Answers and Significant Questions (2011, background): “Studies of different somatic stem cells have shown significant heterogeneity, even among precursors residing in the same tissue (reviewed by Li and Clevers, 2010).”
Single-cell RNA-seq with Waterfall Reveals Molecular Cascades underlying Adult Neurogenesis (2015, background): “They switch among different states, such as quiescence and activation (Li and Clevers, 2010), and thus exhibit significant cellular andmolecular differences even upon prospective isolation via fluorescenceactivated cell sorting or genetic labeling (Codega et al.”
Division-Coupled Astrocytic Differentiation and Age-Related Depletion of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus (2011, background): “Quiescence is one of the defining characteristics of stem cells in a range of tissues (Li and Clevers, 2010; Morrison and Spradling, 2008; Rossi et al., 2008).”
Tracking adult stem cells (2011, background): “Quiescent and proliferating stem-cell pools can reside in adjacent compartments, perhaps within the same tissue”
Arteriolar niches maintain haematopoietic stem cell quiescence (2013, positive): “Based on these data, a prevalent unifying interpretation of the literature has been that the osteoblastic and vascular niches confer distinct microenvironments promoting quiescence and proliferation, respectively 2,23 .”
Intestinal crypt homeostasis results from neutral competition between symmetrically dividing Lgr5 stem cells. (2010, positive): “Although a rare, quiescent ‘‘reserve’’ Lgr5 population may exist (Li and Clevers, 2010), the Lgr5 cells represent the workhorse of lifelong self-renewal of the healthy small intestine.”
Extracellular matrix: A dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche (2014, background): “populations coexist in several tissues, in separate yet adjoining locations [15,23].”
The intestinal crypt, a prototype stem cell compartment. (2013, neutral): “Leading Edge Review The Intestinal Crypt,”
Endogenous Bone Marrow MSCs Are Dynamic, Fate-Restricted Participants in Bone Maintenance and Regeneration (2012, background): “, 2004) or by differentiation of stem/progenitor cells (Li and Clevers, 2010).”
Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. (2010, background): “…given the role of the fine-tuned activity of the BMP and Wnt pathways in the switch from stem cell quiescence to active proliferation in several adult organs (reviewed by Li and Clevers, 2010), future attempts should be made to understand the function of BMP signaling in a context-dependent manner.”
Adult Mammalian Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis: Five Decades Later (2015, background): “In most adult somatic stem cell systems, quiescent and active stem cell populations co-exist (Li and Clevers, 2010).”
The intestinal stem cell markers Bmi1 and Lgr5 identify two functionally distinct populations (2011, background): “Overall, our findings of multiple functional distinctions between Bmi1 and Lgr5 ISCs provide direct evidence to support a proposedmodel of separate but cooperative functional roles of multiple and distinct ISC populations (10, 11, 21) residing in adjacent niches that contribute to homeostatic vs.”