Development of the nonverbal immediacy scale (NIS): Measures of self‐and other‐perceived nonverbal immediacy

By V. Richmond, J. Mccroskey, Aaron D. Johnson. 2003

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The Active-Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Conceptualization and Evidence of Validity Within the Interpersonal Domain (2011, methodology): “The Nonverbal Immediacy Scale–Observer Report developed by Richmond, McCroskey, and Johnson ( 2003 ) asked respondents to describe a target person on 26 items (eg, “He/she uses her/his hands and arms to gesture while talking to people”) using a 5-point scale ranging from 1 ( never ) to 5 ( very ofte”
Pay attention!: designing adaptive agents that monitor and improve user engagement (2012, methodology): “This questionnaire included checks on the success of our immediacy manipulations based on Richmond’s Nonverbal Immediacy Scale [41] and questions regarding the participants’ perception of the instructor and whether they would like to work with the robot again in the future.”
The Relationships of Student End-of-Class Motivation with Teacher Communication Behaviors and Instructional Outcomes (2006, methodology): “Nonverbal immediacy was measured using the Nonverbal Immediacy Scale*Observer Report (NIS-O), a 26-item, 5-point Likert-type scale developed by Richmond, McCroskey, and Johnson (2003).”
Development and Validation of the Student Interest and Engagement Scales (2012, methodology): “Teacher immediacy was operationalized using Richmond, McCroskey, and Johnson's (2003) 26-item measure of nonverbal immediacy, the most recent version of the scale that has received widespread use.”