Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure

By A. B. Arfa, S. Combes, L. Preziosi-Belloy, Nathalie Gontard, P. Chalier. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2006

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Effect of Essential Oils on Pathogenic Bacteria (2013, background): “The activity of carvacrol seems to be linked to the presence of a hydroxyl group that may function as a trans-membrane carrier of monovalent cations by carrying H+ into the cell cytoplasm and transporting K+ back out [18,19].”
The antibacterial mechanism of carvacrol and thymol against Escherichia coli (2008, background): “It was shown that the presence of free hydroxyl group is essential for antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and that this compound could act as a protonophore (Arfa et al. 2006).”
Essential Oils in Combination and Their Antimicrobial Properties (2012, background): “Several studies have found that a number of these compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial properties when tested separately [21,25–30].”
Essential Oils in Food Preservation: Mode of Action, Synergies, and Interactions with Food Matrix Components (2012, background): “Eugenol treatment altered cell membrane and cell wall structures of proliferating S. cerevisiae cells resulting in the release of cellular content (Bennis et al., 2004).”