Gender differences in recommendation letters for postdoctoral fellowships in geoscience

By Kuheli Dutt, Danielle L. Pfaff, A. Bernstein, J. S. Dillard, Caryn J. Block. 2016

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Gender Stereotypes. (2018, background): “Across the board, female applicants were significantly less likely to be described as “excellent” by those who were trying to support them, regardless of whether the recommendations were made by men or women (Dutt et al. 2016).”
"Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference Letters (2023, background): “For instance, Dutt et al. (2016) points out that female applicants are only half as likely than male applicants to receive “excellent” letters.”
Raising Doubt in Letters of Recommendation for Academia: Gender Differences and Their Impact (2018, background): “The ambiguity and lack of structure of letters of recommendations can lead to biases in how letters are written for men and women (Dutt et al., 2016; LaCroix, 1985; Madera et al., 2009; Schmader et al., 2007).”