Perceived severity of various bullying behaviours at work and the relevance of exposure to bullying

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Individual‐ and group‐level effects of social identification on workplace bullying (2013, unknown): “Prevalence estimates for workplace bullying vary between 3% and 15%, depending on the method of measurement and, obviously, severity of bullying (Escartin, Rodriguez-Carballeira, Zapf, Porrua, & Martin-Pena, 2009 ; Nielsen, Matthiesen, & Einarsen, 2010 ; Zapf, Escartin, Einarsen, Hoel, & Vartia, 2”
Workers' perception of workplace bullying: A cross-cultural study (2011, background): “In that sense, some studies have stressed how employees may have different conceptualizations of workplace bullying to those of the researchers (Escartin, Rodriguez-Carballeira, Porrua, & Martin-Pena, 2008 ; Escartin, Rodriguez-Carballeira, Zapf, Porrua, & Martin-Pena, 2009 ; Liefooghe & MacKenzie”
Workplace Bullying: Considering the Interaction Between Individual and Work Environment (2015, background): “…by reports of reduced job satisfaction and increased stress for both targets and witnesses (Giorgi 2010; Giorgi et al. 2014; Lutgen-Sandvik et al. 2007; Schieman and Reid 2008), as well as serious consequences for the target’s physical and mental health (Escartin et al. 2009; Hoel et al. 2004).”