Definitions of bullying: a comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen-country international comparison.

By Peter K. Smith, H. Cowie, Ragnar F. Ólafsson, A. Liefooghe, A. Almeida, Hozumi Araki, Cristina del Barrio, A. Costabile, Bojan Dekleva, A. Houndoumadi and 11 more. Child Development, 2002

841 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Developmental and Educational Psychology, Education, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/630bc64b7e06f965633a1823e2a32665a2aa558c

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Citations in the corpus

The Relationship between Bullying Behaviours and High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa (2008, background): “In these countries, although prevalence rates of bullying behaviour are difficult to compare as definitions vary across studies and countries (Espelage & Swearer, 2003; Smith et al., 2002), rates range between 5% and 35% (Chesson, 1999).”
School bullying as a creator of pupil peer pressure (2008, neutral): “2002 , 1120; see also Kaukiainen 2002 , 116; Baron 1977 , 36–8).”
Casualties of Social Combat (2014, methodology): “However, much prior research uses the term “bully” in survey questions, which youths tend to associate more strongly with overt physical and verbal abuse, as opposed to more subtle forms of aggression (Boulton 1997; Naylor et al. 2006; Smith et al. 2002; Smith and Madsen 1999).”
Is school bullying really on the rise? (2011, background): “To some extent this was inevitable, as the questions were asked in different languages according to the location of the study, and exact equivalents of terms describing bullying do not exist (see Smith et al. 2002 ).”
Factors Associated With Perceptions and Responses to Bullying Situations by Children, Parents, Teachers, and Principals (2006, background): “Another finding that corresponds with quantitative research findings is that although the respondents included indirect bullying in their definitions, they often considered this form of bullying as less serious (Hanish & Guerra, 2000; Smith & Ananiadou, 2003; Smith et al., 2002).”
The Developmental Trajectories of Peer Victimization in Middle to Late Childhood and the Changing Nature of Their Behavioral Correlates (2010, background): “These forms of negative exchanges are more characteristic of boys than girls, with girls more likely to experience indirect forms of victimization than boys (Crick & Bigbee, 1998; Paquette & Underwood, 1999; Smith et al., 2002).”
Bullying: Are researchers and children/youth talking about the same thing? (2008, background): “Although older students’ definitions were more inclusive (see also Smith et al., 2002), it is important to note that students of any age rarely qualified their definition with respect to the three prominent definitional criteria: intentionality, power imbalance and repetition.”
Contributions of Personal and Situational Factors to Bystanders' Reactions to School Bullying (2009, background): “Bullying is also a problem which is receiving increasing attention worldwide with the research being international in scope (Carney and Merrell, 2001; Smith et al., 2002, 2004).”