Projection of an Immunological Self Shadow Within the Thymus by the Aire Protein

By Mark S. Anderson, Emily S. Venanzi, L. Klein, Zhibin Chen, S. Berzins, S. Turley, H. von Boehmer, R. Bronson, A. Dierich, C. Benoist and 1 more. Science, 2002

2,549 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rehabilitation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5eca33fd9e5678c9980083b487826bc00752a167

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In Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

1. P. Greenberg
2. A. Schietinger

Citations in the corpus

• Self-reactivity in thymic double-positive cells commits cells to a CD8αα lineage with characteristics of innate immune cells (2004, background): “, and recent findings with mice defective in thymic expression of 'peripheral' organ-specific antigens have re-emphasized the importance of central tolerance in avoiding organ-specific autoimmune disease”
• The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity (2012, background): “The Aire mouse is an animal model of human autoimmune polyendocrinopathycandidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), a polyendocrine autoimmune disease that occurs from mutations in the Aire protein, a transcriptional regulator that plays an important role in T cell tolerance induction in the thymus.(”
• Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review. (2008, background): “The transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire) has been described as a master regulator of tolerance by governing the expression of peripherally restricted antigens by medullary thymic epithelial cells (Anderson et al., 2002; Chin et al., 2003).”
• Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity (2005, background): “and a marked failure to delete organ-specific TCRs in the thymus because tissue-specific genes are not switched on in rare medullary thymic epithelial cell”
• Antigen-dependent Proliferation of CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells In Vivo (2003, background): “Indeed, insulin protein can be detected in medullary thymic epithelial cells (28) and its expression appears to be dependent on the activity of the transcription factor AIRE (29).”
• Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self‐tolerance and autoimmune disease (2006, background): “Aire is predominantly expressed in a population of thymic medullary epithelial cells, which promiscuously express peripheral organ-specific antigens (113, 115).”
• Aire regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells (2003, background): “Anderson et al.26 have recently shown that some ectopic mRNA expression is dependent on Aire, notably a defect in insulin mRNA transcription in Aire–/– medullary stromal cells.”
• Regulatory T cells exert checks and balances on self tolerance and autoimmunity (2010, background): “A subset of mTECs expresses the Aire protein, which is required for ectopic expression of a set of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) such as insuli”
• Selection of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells specific for self antigen expressed and presented by Aire+ medullary thymic epithelial cells (2007, background): “A separate line of experiments has firmly established that mTECs contribute to T cell tolerance by 'promiscuously' expressing a wide range of otherwise tissue-specific antigen”
• Central tolerance: learning self-control in the thymus (2005, background): “First, AIRE deficiency alone does not affect the number of T Reg cell”
• Type 1 diabetes: etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies. (2011, background): “The predominant hypothesis is that these VNTR regulate the insulin expression levels in the thymus by affecting AIRE binding to its promoter region (16, 342, 442).”