The Use of Flexible Staffing Arrangements in Core Production Jobs

By Cynthia L. Gramm, John F. Schnell. 2001

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Passing the buck: Labor flexibility practices that transfer risk onto hourly workers (2008, background): “In recent years, however, temp jobs have become an institutionalized practice that allows firms to contain benefit and wage costs on a regular, rather than cyclical, basis (Gramm & Schnell, 2001; Theodore & Peck, 2002).”
The Employment Relationship and Inequality: How and Why Changes in Employment Practices are Reshaping Rewards in Organizations (2013, background): “…2000; Wiens-Tuers & Hill, 2002) Union decline † Declining worker tenure (Bidwell, 2013) † Increases in layoffs (Bidwell, 2013) † Increased use of contingent work (Gramm & Schnell, 2001; Houseman, 2001); but see Davis-Blake and Uzzi (1993) Identity-based social movements † Increased use of…”
How Firms Shape Income Inequality: Stakeholder Power, Executive Decision Making, and the Structuring of Employment Relationships (2015, background): “For example, unions have been shown to deter the use of contingent employment relationships (Gramm & Schnell, 2001) and reduce levels of executive compensation (Banning & Chiles, 2007).”
Real Options, Volatility, and Stock Returns (2012, background): “…existence of unions hinders firms’ ability to adjust their workforce in response to changes in economic conditions (e.g., Abraham and Medoff (1984), Gramm and Schnell (2001), and Chen, Kasperczyk and Ortiz-Molina (2010)), one would expect firms in highly unionized industries to be less flexible.”