American = White?

By T. Devos, Mahzarin R. Banaji. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005

726 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3da9f9c6586ba5bbe6fdaa54f63d53bec19d402c

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Social Psychology

In Sociology and Political Science

Citations in the corpus

Implicit Attitudes and Beliefs Adapt to Situations: A Decade of Research on the Malleability of Implicit Prejudice, Stereotypes, and the Self-Concept (2013, background): “…perceptions of who is authentically American are often driven by who seems prototypical or representative of the country based on dimensions such as race or religion (Devos & Banaji, 2005; Devos, Gavin, &Quintana, 2010; Devos & Ma, 2008; Dovidio, Gluszek, John, Ditlmann, & Lagunes, 2010).”
Is Man the Measure of All Things? A Social Cognitive Account of Androcentrism (2018, background): “Finally, U.S. participants associated American iconography with White faces more rapidly than with Black faces (Devos & Banaji, 2005).”
The relationships of personal and ethnic identity exploration to indices of adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning (2009, background): “Given that American culture is often considered synonymous with White American values and ideals (DeVos & Banaji, 2005; Tsai, Mortensen, Wong, & Hess, 2002), many White Americans may not view themselves as members of an ethnic group.”
Toward a Critical Race Psychology (2013, background): “In an important sense, then, conventional practice in mainstream psychological science affords White possession of the category " human " in the same way that mainstream representations afford White ownership of the category " American " (e.g., Devos & Banaji, 2005; Devos et al., 2010).”
How USA-Centric Is Psychology? An Archival Study of Implicit Assumptions of Generalizability of Findings to Human Nature Based on Origins of Study Samples (2020, background): “Given that Americans are prototypically assumed as being “White” (Devos & Banaji, 2005), it is possible that studies involving racial/ethnic/cultural minority samples in the United States would qualify sample characteristics in the titles much more frequently compared to studies involving…”
What are the Biases in My Word Embedding? (2018, background): “…and Friese (2008): “The evaluation of multiple target concepts such as social groups within a multi-ethnic nation (e.g. White vs. Asian Americans, White vs. African Americans, African vs. Asian Americans; Devos and Banaji, 2005) requires numerous pairwise comparisons for a complete picture”.”
Superordinate identities and intergroup conflict: The ingroup projection model (2007, background): “Similarly, Devos and Banaji (2005) found that White Americans implicitly associated their own ethnic group more strongly with Americans than they associated African Americans and Asian Americans.”
The rich—love them or hate them? Divergent implicit and explicit attitudes toward the wealthy (2017, result): “This sample size is similar to past studies examining implicit bias using IAT measures (Devos & Banaji, 2005; N = 28) and a power analysis using G*Power (Faul, Erdfelder, Buchner, & Lang, 2009; Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007) indicates that the two-tailed single-category t test for our main…”
Racism in the Structure of Everyday Worlds: A Cultural-Psychological Perspective (2018, background): “The legacy of this material association is evident in the observation that White Americans apply the category “American” more strongly to people of European descent than to racial minorities in the United States (Devos & Banaji, 2005).”
Racial microaggressions in the life experience of Black Americans. (2008, background): “Over the years, however, social scientists have noted that racism in American society has shifted from overt acts and messages to subtle and implicit expressions (DeVos & Banaji, 2005; Dovidio, Gaertner, Kawakami, & Hodson, 2002).”
The Structure of Cultural Identity in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Emerging Adults (2007, background): “Because American culture is assumed to be synonymous with White American values and practices, White Americans may not perceive themselves as members of an ethnic group (DeVos & Banaji, 2005; Tsai, Mortensen, Wong, & Hess, 2002).”
Explicit Evidence on the Import of Implicit Attitudes: The IAT and Immigration Policy Judgments (2010, background): “In one example, Devos and Banaji (2005) find that individuals self-report Whites and African Americans as having strong ties to American culture.”
Racial microaggressions and the Asian American experience. (2009, background): “That this phenomenon has empirical reality was a finding that White Americans, on an implicit level, equated “White” and “American” with one another while Asian and African Americans were less likely associated with the term “American” (DeVos & Banaji, 2005).”
The Ties That Bind (2015, background): “…rise of ethnic nationalism in Turkey has fueled derogation of the Kurdish, Armenian, and Jewish minorities (Cirakman, 2011); in the United States, non-White and non-Christian Americans have been marginalized because they do not fit the national prototype (Devos & Banaji, 2005; Theiss-Morse, 2009).”
Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes (2007, neutral): “Among racial groups, White participants showed a strong implicit pro-White preference (average d¼ 0.91), but so did American Indians (d¼ 0.64), Asians (d¼ 0.80), Hispanics (d¼ 0.71), Multi-racials (d¼ 0.48), and ‘‘others’’ (d¼ 0.67) making clear that the result is more than an own-group preference e”
Racial Microaggressions Against Black Americans: Implications for Counseling (2008, background): “…and microinvalidations are significantly different from microassaults in that they are not usually expressed intentionally by perpetrators because the racial biases and prejudices that underlie these behaviors are outside the perpetrators’ conscious awareness (Banaji, 2001; DeVos & Banaji, 2005).”
Androcentric Reporting of Gender Differences in APA Journals: 1965–2004 (2006, background): “Scholarship on the privilege enjoyed by Whites (e.g., Devos & Banaji, 2005; Dyer, 1997; Fine, Weis, Powell, & Wong, 1997; Leach, Snider, & Iyer, 2002; McIntosh, 1998; Powell, Branscombe, & Schmitt, 2005), men (Bem, 1993; De Beauvoir, 1949; Edley & Wetherell, 1995), English-language speakers (Hill,…”
White Male Power and Privilege: The Relationship Between White Supremacy and Social Class (2017, background): “In fact, in a series of experimental studies, Devos and Banaji (2005) confirmed the implicit bias that “to be American is to be White” (p. 463). hooks (2004) argued these institutions worked in concert to establish an ideology and practices of “White supremacist capitalist patriarchy” (p. ix) such…”