The Bilingual's Language Modes.

By François Grosjean. 2001

923 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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Citations in the corpus

Testing the Language Mode Hypothesis Using Trilinguals (2003, background): “One study that Grosjean (2001) considers as (indirect) evidence in support of this LM hypothesis is that by Dijkstra et al. (1998).”
Parallel language activation during word processing in bilinguals: Evidence from word production in sentence context* (2013, background): “…per se may induce parallel activation in both language systems (Hermans et al., 2011), perhaps because the participants notice the presence of cognates and consequently move away from a monolingual towards a bilingual mode of processing, co-activating the non-target language (e.g., Grosjean, 2001).”
Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective–noun strings by preschool bilingual children (2006, background): “For that reason, cross-linguistic transfer should be affected by recent language choice (see Grosjean, 2001; see also Volterra and Taeschner, 1978).”
Bilingual language acquisition and theories of diachronic change: Bilingualism as cause and effect of grammatical change* (2010, background): “…mental representations of grammatical knowledge of two or more languages than to process this knowledge separately in actual language use, especially since both languages of the bilingual individual are permanently activated, albeit to different degrees; see Grosjean (2000), Hermans et al. (1998).”
Lexical Access in Bilingual Speech Production: Evidence from Language Switching in Highly Proficient Bilinguals and L2 Learners. (2004, background): “…control experiment therewas no switching task andparticipants (n ¼ 24) only named the pictures in one language (i.e., participants were set in the so-called monolingual mode; Grosjean, 2001): half of the participants named the pictures in their L1 (Spanish) and the other half in theirL2 (Catalan).”
Language selectivity is the exception, not the rule: Arguments against a fixed locus of language selection in bilingual speech (2006, background): “Grosjean (2001) has proposed that the bilingual is always at a variable point on a continuum of language activity, from a monolingual mode, in which one language is used primarily, to a bilingual mode, in which both languages are highly active.”
Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control (2007, background): “As underlined by Grosjean (1998, 2001) the bilingual speaker should not simply be considered the sum of two monolingual speakers, and hence, monolingual language production models generally fail to explain the particularity of bilingual language production.”
Competing activation in bilingual language processing: Within- and between-language competition (2003, background): “Grosjean listed a number of variables that may influence a bilingual’s position on the language mode continuum, including the interlocutor(s), the situation, the form and content of the message, the function of the language act, and specific research factors, if applicable (Grosjean, 2001, p. 5).”
Finding le mot juste: Differences between bilingual and monolingual children's lexical access in comprehension and production* (2009, background): “First, the bilingual children sometimes gave the correct answer but not in the target language (cf. Grosjean, 2001).”
Second Language Proficiency and Cross-Language Lexical Activation (2012, background): “2, September 2012, pp. 148–171 156 stronger monolingual mode (e.g., Grosjean, 2001) than the bilinguals in Spivey and Marian (1999), although one could argue that a monolingual mode should reduce the amount of cross-language competition in Spivey and Marian (1999), but not yield an opposite pattern.”
Bilingual Language Processing and Interference in Bilinguals: Evidence From Eye Tracking and Picture Naming (2007, methodology): “In cognitive/computational models of language production in bilinguals, control of nontarget-language interference with target-language production is often managed using inhibition mechanisms, with the nontarget language controlled using top-down processes (e.g., Green, 1998; Grosjean, 2001).”
Speaking and remembering in one or two languages: bilingual vs. monolingual lexicalization and memory for motion events (2011, background): “Similarly, Soares and Grosjean (1984) also assume that bilinguals search both their lexicons in monolingual processing.”
Testing convergence via code-switching: priming and the structure of variable subject expression (2011, background): “…the effect of code-switching, we need to consider just those contexts where code-switching has recently occurred, that is, where both languages may be more ‘activated’ (cf. Kroll & Tokowicz, 2005), or where speakers may be in ‘bilingual’ (vs. ‘monolingual’) mode (cf. Grosjean, 1997, 1998, 2001).”
Individual differences in inhibitory control relate to bilingual spoken word processing* (2013, unknown): “…& Spivey, 2003a, b), age of acquisition and proficiency of the non-target language (Blumenfeld & Marian, 2007; Canseco-Gonzalez et al., 2010), cross-language phonemic confusability (Cutler et al., 2006; Weber & Cutler, 2004), and language mode (Canseco-Gonzalez et al., 2010; Grosjean, 1998, 2001).”
Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: a review (2001, background): “Grosjean (1997, 2000) has suggested that a bilingual's language behavior is strongly in#uenced by the &&language mode'' she/he happens to be in at a given moment in time.”
Non-native speech perception in adverse conditions: A review (2010, background): “In fact it has been suggested that bilinguals move along a continuum of language activation, at one end of which only one of their languages is active and at the other end their activation is totally bilingual because they are operating simultaneously in the two languages (Grosjean, 2001).”