The Black-White Test Score Gap

By George Farkas. 2004

2,207 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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In Education

Citations in the corpus

50 Years of Test (Un)fairness: Lessons for Machine Learning (2018, background): “[35]), and a shift in focus from outcomes to inputs and processes [13].”
Recursive Processes in Self-Affirmation: Intervening to Close the Minority Achievement Gap (2009, neutral): “The achievement gap between academically at-risk minority students and European American students has long concerned the educational community ( 1 ).”
Socioeconomic Status and College: How SES Affects College Experiences and Outcomes (2003, result): “This finding may be indicative of higher African American degree aspirations, which is similar to earlier research that found African Americans were more likely than Whites to achieve a bachelor’s degree once SES and ability were controlled (Jencks & Phillips, 1998).”
Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions (2018, background): “The result is huge Black–White gaps in school performance (Jencks & Phillips, 2011).”
Peer and Cross-Age Tutoring in Math:Outcomes and Their Design Implications (2005, background): “Specifically, Nazzal (2002) showed that at-risk eighth graders who tutored peers in math experienced increased feelings of belonging with regard to their school and to other students compared to at-risk control students who did not volunteer as tutors.”
Does Moving to Better Neighborhoods Lead to Better Schooling Opportunities? Parental School Choice in an Experimental Housing Voucher Program (2010, background): “…of middle-class schools—such as higher teacher quality, smaller classrooms, and other resources—independently influence student achievement (Card and Krueger 1992; Jencks and Phillips 1998; Nye, Hedges, and Konstantopoulos 1999; Clotfelter, Ladd, and Vigdor 2007; Rivkin, Hanushek, and Kain 2005).”
Beyond a Test Score (2012, background): “…discourse and even in social media about achievement gaps between White students and students of color, namely, African American, Latino/Latina American, and Hispanic American students (Barton & Coley, 2010; Chubb & Loveless, 2002; Jencks & Phillips, 1998; Jenkins, 2006; Pino & Smith, 2004).”
The Role of Racial Identity, Academic Self-Concept, and Self-Esteem in the Prediction of Academic Outcomes for African American Students (2007, background): “Some scholars have suggested that removing the variance accounted for by racial identity from African American students’ test scores would decrease the test-score gap for African American and White students (Helms, 2003).”
After the Bell (2010, background): “A growing body of evidence suggests that SES gaps in achievement are present before students enter formal schooling (Entwisle, Alexander, and Olson 1997; Farkas 2004; Hart and Risley 1995).”
Socioeconomic Status and Inequalities in Children’s IQ and Economic Preferences (2017, background): “These gaps compare to about half the black-white achievement gaps in the United States and are larger than the estimated effects of most intervention programs.”