Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome

By C. Wong, C. Lam, A. Wu, W. Ip, N. Lee, I. Chan, L. Lit, D. Hui, M. Chan, S. Chung and 1 more. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2004

1,233 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently emerged infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, but its immunopathological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We investigated changes in plasma T helper (Th) cell cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in 20 patients diagnosed with SARS. Cytokine profile of SARS patients showed marked elevation of Th1 cytokine interferon (IFN)‐γ, inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐12 for at least 2 weeks after disease onset, but there was no significant elevation of inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, Th1 cytokine IL‐2 and Th2 cytokine IL‐4. The chemokine profile demonstrated significant elevation of neutrophil chemokine IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and Th1 chemokine IFN‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10). Corticosteroid reduced significantly IL‐8, MCP‐1 and IP‐10 concentrations from 5 to 8 days after treatment (all P < 0·001). Together, the elevation of Th1 cytokine IFN‐γ, inflammatory cytokines IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐12 and chemokines IL‐8, MCP‐1 and IP‐10 confirmed the activation of Th1 cell‐mediated immunity and hyperinnate inflammatory response in SARS through the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.

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Citations in the corpus

Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? (2020, background): “Similar evidences have been reported in patients affected by severe viral pneumoniae such as SARS (Wong et al., 2004) and MERS (Min et al., 2016) and an immune dysregulation is thought to be responsible of a worse outcome in patients affected by Covid-19.”
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection (2007, background): “8 [317/539]) cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 for at least 2 wk; chemokine profile demonstrated increased neutrophil chemokine IL-8, MCP-1, and Th1 chemokine IP-10 (360); increased serum concn of IP10, MIG, and IL-8 during the first wk was associated with adverse outcome or death (325)”
Coronavirus Pathogenesis (2011, background): “presence of markedly elevated cytokines levels suggested that severe lung damage was largely immunopathological in nature (Beijing Group of National Research Project for SARS, 2003; Cameron et al., 2007; He et al., 2006; Nicholls et al., 2003; Peiris et al., 2003a; Wong et al., 2004a).”
COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics (2020, background): “The rise in the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are also observed in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection, suggesting a potentially similar cytokine storm-mediated disease severity.(61,62) In our study, IL-6 levels were found closely associated with biomarkers of liver, kidney, and heart dysfu”
Lethal Infection of K18-hACE2 Mice Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2006, background): “Elevated levels of several cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL1), IL-6, IL-12, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CCL2, were detected in the serum of SARS patients and may have contributed to clinical disease (15, 38, 40, 41, 43).”
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The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 (2020, background): “Earlier studies have indicated that the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12, inducible protein 10 (IP‐10), MCP‐1, and IFN‐γ are increased during SARS‐CoV infection.(41) Low levels of the Th2 cytokine IL‐4 were also observed in patients with SARS.”
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy (2020, background): “Patients with SARS showed preferential activation of Th1 immunity, resulting in themarked elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNg, IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-12) for at least 2 weeks after disease onset, leading to extensive lung damage.(13) In contrast, patients with COVID-19 demonstrated activation ”
[Asymptomatic infection of COVID-19 and its challenge to epidemic prevention and control]. (2020, background): “22 MERS-CoV infection was also reported to induce increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL15, and IL17).”
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The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system (2020, unknown): “In vivo studies showed that several circulating chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2 and CXCL10) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12) were elevated in patients with SARS-CoV [68,69].”
Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis (2020, background): “In fact, complications related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 are mainly due to pronounced inflammation caused by viral replication [54].”