Dual Language Essentials for Teachers and Administrators

By David E. Freeman, Yvonne S. Freeman, S. Mercuri. 2004

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Teachers' Beliefs About English Language Learners in the Mainstream Classroom: A Review of the Literature (2011, background): “example, Gandara et al. (2005) found through a questionnaire that the more years teachers worked with ELLs, the more highly they rated their ability to teach these students.”
Uninvited Guests: The Influence of Teachers’ Roles and Pedagogies on the Positioning of English Language Learners in the Regular Classroom (2008, background): “, Fu, 1995; Gersten, 1999). For example, in her study of four Laotian refugee adolescents’ learning experiences in an American school, Fu (1995) raised issues of regular classroom teachers’ roles in teaching these students. The classroom teachers considered the students “deficient” and felt that han”
Dual Language Education: A Promising 50–50 Model (2005, background): “Districts have also considered implementing programs in Hmong and Vietnamese ( Freeman, Freeman, & Mercuri, 2005 ).”
Integration in two-way immersion education: equalising linguistic benefits for all students (2009, background): “The situation for native speakers of minority languages is even more diffuse, as many of these students are US-born and therefore enter schools with varying levels of proficiency in both the minority language and English, including nonstandard varieties (Freeman et al., 2005; Zentella, 1997).”