Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials.

By R. Mensink, P. Zock, A. Kester, M. Katan. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003

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Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health. (2015, background): “Intervention trials conducted in humans have evaluated the effect of replacing saturated fatty acids in the diet with carbohydrate or with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or PUFAs; findings of these trials are extensively reviewed elsewhere.(13,14) These trials demonstrated that compared with ca”
2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. (2016, background): “However, the major drawback of their excessive consumption is represented by untoward effects on plasma TGs and on HDL-C levels.(165) Dietary fibre (particularly of the soluble type), which is present in legumes, fruits, vegetables, and wholegrain cereals (oats, barley), has a direct hypocholesterol”
Effects on Coronary Heart Disease of Increasing Polyunsaturated Fat in Place of Saturated Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2010, background): “16; this can be compared to no significant change in the TC:HDL-C ratio when SFA is replaced by carbohydrate [11].”