Vulnerable Children in Varying Classroom Contexts: Bystanders' Behaviors Moderate the Effects of Risk Factors on Victimization

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Differential effects of the KiVa anti-bullying program on popular and unpopular bullies (2014, background): “High classroom rates of bully reinforcement and low rates of victim defending also increase the likelihood that anxious and rejected children will become bullied (Kärnä et al., 2010).”
The Role of Classroom Peer Ecology and Bystanders’ Responses in Bullying (2015, background): “Classmates’ bystander behaviors are also important from the point of view of vulnerable students: Children who are socially anxious and those who have been rejected by peers more often become targets of bullying in classrooms characterized by high levels of reinforcing the bully and low levels of de”
A large-scale evaluation of the KiVa antibullying program: grades 4-6. (2011, background): “Most whole-school antibullying programs were inspired by Dan Olweus’s first Bergen study. Olweus (1991) utilized a multilayered approach by targeting individual, class, and school levels with different intervention components, such as serious talks with bullies and victims, classroom discussions, an”