Measuring Sex Stereotypes A Multination Study

By S. Fruehauf. 2016

238 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cognitive Science & Psychology, Social Sciences & Humanities

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Citations in the corpus

The Intersection of Gender-Related Facial Appearance and Facial Displays of Emotion (2015, background): “Critically, gender stereotypes divide along these two dimensions, and they do so cross-culturally (Williams & Best, 1990).”
Exploring Human Gender Stereotypes with Word Association Test (2019, unknown): “Although traditional methods like survey (Williams and Best, 1990) are quite effective, they are expensive and time-consuming.”
Unsupervised Discovery of Gendered Language through Latent-Variable Modeling (2019, methodology): “We also measure the correlation between continuous annotations of 300 adjectives from two follow-up studies (Williams and Best, 1990, 1977) 5 and the probabilities output by our model.”
Who likes math where? Gender differences in eighth-graders’ attitudes around the world (2014, background): “Almost everywhere, females are viewed as naturally better at nurturing and interpersonal relations, and males are viewed as physically stronger and more analytical (Lueptow, Garovich-Szabo, & Lueptow, 2001; Williams & Best, 1990).”
The Times They Are a-Changing … or Are They Not? A Comparison of Gender Stereotypes, 1983–2014 (2016, background): “This differential is observed not only in the United States but also has been reported in countries throughout the world (Williams & Best, 1990).”
GROUPS AND MORALITY (2014, background): “In one of the most comprehensive lines of research on sex stereotypes, Williams and Best (1990) asked 100 male and female university students in each of 30 countries (across the Americas, Western Europe, Asia, and Australasia) to indicate the degree to which 300 adjectives described women and men.”
A Survey on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing (2021, background): “To this end, Zhao et al. [2017] propose a debiasing techique that constrains model predictions to follow a distribution from a training corpus, e.”
Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior (2012, unknown): “To the extent that men are concentrated in strength-intensive roles and in high-status roles, people infer that they are assertive, forceful, and dominant (Ridgeway, 2011; Williams & Best, 1990).”
Gender and leadership emergence: A meta‐analysis and explanatory model (2018, background): “…than women (e.g., assertive and dominant); and because women more frequently served in “homemaker and lower status roles” (Eagly & Karau, 2002, p. 574), they were assumed to be inherently more communal than men (e.g., nurturing, warm, and emotionally expressive; Eagly, 1987; Williams & Best, 1990).”
Stereotypes About Gender and Science (2016, background): “Specifically, men are considered more leader-like, analytical, competitive, and independent, whereas women are considered to be kinder, warmer, and more understanding and helpful (e.g., Newport, 2001; Williams & Best, 1990).”