Emotional Expression Online: Gender Differences in Emoticon Use

By Alecia Wolf. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 2000

327 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Communication, Gender Studies, Human-Computer Interaction

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd737aa37965176f6cc888769ad2d63f626103a3

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Communication

In Gender Studies

In Human-Computer Interaction

Citations in the corpus

Gender, Identity, and Language Use in Teenage Blogs (2006, background): “Similarly, an examination of online newsgroups finds that women are more apt to express emotions, but males will adapt in mixed-gendered newsgroups and express more (Wolf, 2000).”
The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: A review (2008, background): “Wolf (2000) demonstrated, however, that women do not use more emoticons, but they do use them in other ways.”
Emotional Expression Online (2007, unknown): “The boisterous males who may populate the boxing website may show a different pattern of emoticon use and verbal expression if they were posting on the websites about parenting, photography, or gardening (Wolf, 2000).”
The strategic female: gender-switching and player behavior in online games (2014, background): “Other gender differences in language found in previous studies include expressiveness and appreciation (Kivran-Swaine, Brody, Diakopoulos, & Naaman, 2012), and emoticon use (Witmer & Katzman, 1997; Wolf, 2000), both of which are more common among women.”
Functions of the Nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and Illocutionary Force (2010, background): “This conception is reflected in the questions and hypotheses that have been raised with respect to emoticons in recent research (e.g., Derks, Bos, & von Grumbkow, 2007; Provine et al., 2007; Walther & D'Addario, 2001; Wolf, 2000).”
It's (Not) Simply a Matter of Time: The Relationship Between CMC Cues and Interpersonal Affinity (2016, background): “This population is known to use CMC differently than other groups [52].”
The Practical Aspects of Online Counseling (2005, background): “Emoticons, which is short for emotion icons (Walther & D’Addario, 2001; Wolf, 2000), are often used in the text-based online communication to convey feelings or to demonstrate facial expressions, such as smiles or frowns.”
A Systematic Review of Emoji: Current Research and Future Perspectives (2019, background): “In practice, gender, and cultural diﬀerences lead to diﬀerent preferences for emoticon usage (Wolf, 2000; Jack et al., 2009).”
The Impacts of Emoticons on Message Interpretation in Computer-Mediated Communication (2001, background): “Wolf (2000) reported a similar propensity for emoticons being used primarily by women.”
A longitudinal study of emoticon use in text messaging from smartphones (2012, background): “We suspected one reason for these differences could be due to the wider variety of reasons women use emoticons compared to males (Wolf, 2000).”
Emoticons vs. Emojis on Twitter: A Causal Inference Approach (2015, background): “Emoticons in textual communication has been long studied and considered to be the expressions of emotions that mimic nonverbal cues in speech (Rezabek and Cochenour 1998; Wolf 2000; Crystal 2006).”
AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ONLINE BEHAVIOR, SELF-EFFICACY, AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (2007, unknown): “Similar gender differences were observed in nonacademic newsgroup environments as well (Savicki & Kelley, 2000; Wolf, 2000).”