Functions of the Nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and Illocutionary Force

By Eli Dresner, Susan C. Herring. 2010

642 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Communication, Language and Linguistics, Human-Computer Interaction

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/524238145e6a31c2027a9059b578377e4747c96b

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Citations in the corpus

Are Emojis Creating a New or Old Visual Language for New Generations? A Socio-semiotic Study (2016, background): “However, there is an argument, as Dresner and Herring (2010) suggest that the role of these visuals does not incorporate actual linguistic traits of English as they do not contain letters.”
Emoticons vs. Emojis on Twitter: A Causal Inference Approach (2015, background): “People are changing writing to express themselves in on-line settings, often through the use of non-standard orthogra-phies, such as emoticons (e.g., (: ) and letter repetitions (e.g., coooolll ) (Dresner and Herring 2010; Kalman and Gergle 2014).”
What to do about bad language on the internet (2013, background): “Emoticons are frequently thought of as introducing an expressive, non-verbal component into written language, mirroring the role played by facial expressions in speech (Walther and D’Addario, 2001), but they can also be seen as playing a pragmatic function: marking an utterance as facetious, or demo”
Emojis as Tools for Emotion Work: Communicating Affect in Text Messages (2017, positive): “…“laughing out loud”; the cue serves as a polite response, an expression of intimacy by informality, a method of self-presentation, sarcasm, or other nonaffective relational purposes (e.g., Dressner & Herring, 2010; Sarkar et al., 2014; D. Thompson & Filik, 2016; P. A. Thompson & Foulger, 1996).”
A Systematic Review of Emoji: Current Research and Future Perspectives (2019, background): “Emoji are widely used in instant messaging, e-mail, social networking and many other forms of CMC (Dresner and Herring, 2010).”
Systematic patterning in phonologically‐motivated orthographic variation (2015, background): “Other researchers have focused on the pragmatic function of features such as emoticons (Walther and D'Addario, 2001; Dresner and Herring, 2010; Schnoebelen, 2012), and Herring (2012) offers a survey of structural properties of online language.”
Online Political Discourse: Exploring Differences in Effects of Civil and Uncivil Disagreement in News Website Comments (2017, methodology): “A smiley face was used as the absence of retaliatory aggression because smiles are easily recognized “spontaneous expressions of positive emotion” (Ekman & Friesen, 1982, p. 238) commonly used to indicate happiness in online communication (Dresner & Herring, 2010; Lo, 2008).”
Characterising the inventive appropriation of emoji as relationally meaningful in mediated close personal relationships (2015, positive): “Research suggests that these cues are useful for controlling the perceived emotional valence of text (Walther and D'Addario, 2001) and for allowing speakers to convey other qualities of speech, e.g. sarcasm or mirth (Dresner and Herring, 2010).”