Is fluency, like beauty, in the eyes (and ears) of the beholder?

120 citations recorded by the source corpus.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

AN EXAMINATION OF RATER ORIENTATIONS AND TEST-TAKER PERFORMANCE ON ENGLISH-FOR-ACADEMIC-PURPOSES SPEAKING TASKS (2005, background): “Repair involved repetition of exact words, syllables, or phrases; replacements; reformulations (grammatical correction of structural features); false starts; and the partial repetition of part of a word or utterance (Freed, 2000).”
Assessed Levels of Second Language Speaking Proficiency: How Distinct? (2007, background): “Repair refers to repetition of exact words, syllables or phrases; replacement; reformulations (grammatical correction of structural features); false starts; and partial repetition of a word or utterance (Freed 2000).”
Development of Speed and Accuracy in Pragmatic Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language (2007, methodology): “adapted from Segalowitz and Freed (2004) was used.”
Exploring measures and perceptions of fluency in the speech of second language learners. (2004, methodology): “…speech rate, that is, the number of syllables articulated per minute and the mean length of runs, that is, the average number of syllables produced in utterances between pauses of 0.25 seconds and above (e.g. Ejzenberg, 2000; Freed, 1995, 2000; Lennon, 1990; Riggenbach, 1991, Towell et al, 1996).”