Optimal Human Being: An Integrated Multi-level Perspective

By Kennon M. Sheldon. 2004

176 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d19e99affd1bdf669c61fda2783323ccd0b57ff9

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In Social Psychology

Citations in the corpus

Personality development: continuity and change over the life course. (2010, unknown): “Building on an integrative framework that has gained considerable currency in personality psychology over the past decade (McAdams & Pals 2006, Sheldon 2004, Singer 2005), the review first organizes recent research findings in terms of three developmental layers of psychological…”
Two traditions of happiness research, not two distinct types of happiness (2009, unknown): “This position overlaps with the work by Richard Ryan and Ed Deci (2000) on self-determination theory (SDT) and those who continue to extend this model (e.g. Sheldon, 2004).”
Self-Esteem Issues and Answers (2013, background): “…the fact that self-esteem can be assessed at both an implicit and explicit level and be inspired to build a complex, multilevel theory of self-esteem that can take its place amidst other recent comprehensive, multilevel conceptualizations of personality (McAdams, 1995, 2001; Sheldon, 2004).”
Psychological threat and extrinsic goal striving (2008, unknown): “, Kasser and Kanner 2004), we have suggested that goal selection can become more extrinsic and less intrinsic when people experience psychological threat (Kasser et al. 2004; Kasser and Sheldon 2004; Sheldon 2004).”
Self-Actualizing People in the 21st Century: Integration With Contemporary Theory and Research on Personality and Well-Being (2018, background): “Recently, personality psychologists have returned to the origins of the field, furthering our understanding of the whole person (DeYoung, 2015; Fleeson, 2012; McAdams & Pals, 2006; Molenaar & Campbell, 2009; Sheldon, 2004; Sheldon, Cheng, & Hilpert, 2011).”
Cybernetic Big Five Theory. (2015, methodology): “Like the classic psychodynamic theories and some modern personality theories as well (e.g., Epstein, 2003; Sheldon, 2004), CB5T posits that discrepancies between conscious and unconscious mental content can be a source of dysfunction.”
The Quiet Ego Scale: Measuring the Compassionate Self-Identity (2015, background): “Models of the person in five domains (McAdams and Pals 2006), self-concordance (Sheldon 2004), eudemonic growth (Bauer 2008; Bauer and McAdams 2010), and the quiet ego (Wayment and Bauer 2008) are more recent examples of this perspective.”
Origins of Purpose in Life: Refining our Understanding of a Life Well Lived (2009, background): “And if we seriously consider the multiple levels that characterize a person, from their personality traits to their goals and life narratives, and the biological and social factors that influence each level (McAdams, 1996; Sheldon, 2004), the list of models to account for happiness, meaning in life,”
Understanding Well-Being and Optimal Functioning: Applying the Multilevel Personality in Context (MPIC) Model (2011, methodology): “…and education; within cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal study designs; and by assessing satisfaction with a wide variety of life-aspects, including school classes, interpersonal relationships, daily experiences, satisfying activities, and rewarding work activities (Sheldon, 2004).”
Seventy-five years of motivation measures (1930–2005): A descriptive analysis (2007, methodology): “The experts from the SPSP Listserv in general pointed out the most widely used tests above, mentioning particularly the TAT, PRF, and General Causality Orientations Scale as being important, both historically and today (e.g., Deci and Moller 2005; Deci and Ryan 1985, 2000; Jackson 1987; McClelland 1”
Achievement Goals, Reasons for Goal Pursuit, and Achievement Goal Complexes as Predictors of Beneficial Outcomes: Is the Influence of Goals Reducible to Reasons? (2017, unknown): “Both mastery goals and autonomous reasons are commonly portrayed as optimal forms of motivation (Kaplan & Maehr, 2007; Sheldon, 2004), and it is likely that their integration in the form of an achievement goal complex would be particularly beneficial for achievement-relevant outcomes.”
Life Aspirations, Personality Traits and Subjective Well–Being in A Spanish Sample (2012, result): “These findings are consistent with the approaches made by other authors with regard to the ‘irreducibility hypothesis’ (Sheldon, 2004; Sheldon & Hoon, 2007): different personality ‘levels’ have independent effect, and some levels cannot be subsumed by others.”
Persistent pursuit of need-satisfying goals leads to increased happiness: A 6-month experimental longitudinal study (2010, methodology): “We feared that an unconstrained condition might not offer a clear contrast with autonomy, competence, or relatedness because many idiographic goals naturally refer to themes of autonomy, competence, or relatedness (Sheldon, 2004).”
Thriving With Social Purpose: An Integrative Approach to the Development of Optimal Human Functioning (2007, background): “Optimal functioning conveys the idea of a system that is working well not only in terms of the results it produces but also in terms of developmentally consequential qualities such as coherence, balance, and generativity (Constantine & Sue, 2006; Sheldon, 2004).”
Testing Self-Determination Theory via Nigerian and Indian adolescents (2009, unknown): “For example, those with a strong need for autonomy should be better able to resist group or social pressures counter to their own best interests; those with a strong need for competence should be better able to learn and to function in effective and adaptive ways; and those with a strong need for re”
What Is the Optimal Way to Deliver a Positive Activity Intervention? The Case of Writing About One’s Best Possible Selves (2012, background): “A great deal of research has accumulated to support the positive independent effects of each of these three needs on well-being and performance across cultures and contexts (Deci and Ryan 2008; Ryan and Deci 2008; Sheldon 2004).”