Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes
By U. Risérus, W. Willett, F. B. Hu. Progress in lipid research, 2008
833 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Although type 2 diabetes is determined primarily by lifestyle and genes, dietary composition may affect both its development and complications. Dietary fat is of particular interest because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signaling, and gene expression. This paper focuses on the prevention of type 2 diabetes and summarizes the epidemiologic literature on associations between types of dietary fat and diabetes risk. It also summarizes controlled feeding studies on the effects of dietary fats on metabolic mediators, such as insulin resistance. Taken together, the evidence suggests that replacing saturated fats and trans fatty acids with unsaturated (polyunsaturated and/or monounsaturated) fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and is likely to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes. Among polyunsaturated fats, linoleic acid from the n-6 series improves insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, long-chain n-3 fatty acids do not appear to improve insulin sensitivity or glucose metabolism. In dietary practice, foods rich in vegetable oils, including non-hydrogenated margarines, nuts, and seeds, should replace foods rich in saturated fats from meats and fat-rich dairy products. Consumption of partially hydrogenated fats should be minimized. Additional controlled, long-term studies are needed to improve our knowledge on the optimal proportion of different types of fats to prevent diabetes.
Subfields: Animal Science and Zoology, Biochemistry, Nutrition and Dietetics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccf5f1c6afb11f162bc540db1e6c666294916fd5
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Citations in the corpus
- Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health. (2015, background): “Linoleic acid was found in some studies to increase insulin sensitivity.(46) Linoleic acid can be metabolized to oxidized derivatives—hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids—which are involved in inflammation and cell injury.”
- Discovery of a class of endogenous mammalian lipids with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects (2014, background): “The major pathogenic factors underlying T2D are resistance to insulin action in peripheral tissues and dysregulated insulin secretion.”
- Prevention of Diabetes With Mediterranean Diets (2014, background): “The dissimilar benefit of the 2 Mediterranean diet interventions may be a chance finding because both EVOO and nuts contributed an extra load of unsaturated fatty acids that have been related to decreased diabetes risk (23).”
- Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet (2010, background): “As suggested by the known associations among subtypes of dietary fat and diabetes risk (17), the increased unsaturated fat load of our MedDiets was probably instrumental in achieving diabetes risk reduction.”
- Rapeseed (Brassica napus): Processing, Utilization, and Genetic Improvement (2021, background): “Moreover, rich MUFA diets were reported to be suitable for diabetic subjects since they could improve glycemic control [67–70], blood lipids [71], and lower insulin response [72,73].”
- A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes (2012, neutral): “To facilitate the subsequent statistical analyses at both genetic and functional levels, we further defined and prepared three types of profiles using the quantified gene results: (1) a gene profile; (2) a KEGG orthologues profile; and (3) an eggNOG orthologue groups profile (Supplementary Methods).”