Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet
By J. Salas‐Salvadó, M. Bulló, N. Babio, M. Martínez-González, N. Ibarrola-Jurado, J. Basora, R. Estruch, M. Covas, D. Corella, F. Arós and 2 more. Diabetes Care, 2010
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OBJECTIVE To test the effects of two Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions versus a low-fat diet on incidence of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a three-arm randomized trial in 418 nondiabetic subjects aged 55–80 years recruited in one center (PREDIMED-Reus, northeastern Spain) of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [PREDIMED] study, a large nutrition intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomly assigned to education on a low-fat diet (control group) or to one of two MedDiets, supplemented with either free virgin olive oil (1 liter/week) or nuts (30 g/day). Diets were ad libitum, and no advice on physical activity was given. The main outcome was diabetes incidence diagnosed by the 2009 American Diabetes Association criteria. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 4.0 years, diabetes incidence was 10.1% (95% CI 5.1–15.1), 11.0% (5.9–16.1), and 17.9% (11.4–24.4) in the MedDiet with olive oil group, the MedDiet with nuts group, and the control group, respectively. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes were 0.49 (0.25–0.97) and 0.48 (0.24–0.96) in the MedDiet supplemented with olive oil and nuts groups, respectively, compared with the control group. When the two MedDiet groups were pooled and compared with the control group, diabetes incidence was reduced by 52% (27–86). In all study arms, increased adherence to the MedDiet was inversely associated with diabetes incidence. Diabetes risk reduction occurred in the absence of significant changes in body weight or physical activity. CONCLUSIONS MedDiets without calorie restriction seem to be effective in the prevention of diabetes in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
Subfields: Nutrition and Dietetics, Physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
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Citations in the corpus
- Risk Factors Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Advances in the Treatment and Prevention (2014, background): “A Mediterranean diet characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, extra virgin olive oil, nuts, fish, whole grains and red wine also showed a remarkable decrease in the incidence of diabetes in a Spanish study [189].”
- Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2013 (2012, background): “An RCT looking at high-risk individuals in Spain showed that the Mediterranean dietary pattern reduced the incidence of diabetes in the absence of weight loss by 52% compared with the low-fat control group (132).”
- Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes (2017, methodology): “This fits with the outcome of the PREDIMED trial of Mediterranean diet, suggesting that the diabetes-protective effect of body weight reduction can be replaced, at least in part, by an appropriate quality diet [32].”