Nationalism in Winter Sports Judging and its Lessons for Organizational Decision Making

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Strike Three: Discrimination, Incentives, and Evaluation (2011, background): “Several studies (e.g., Luis Garicano et al, 2005; Eric W. Zitzewitz, 2006, and Thomas J. Dohmen, 2008) have examined home-team preferences by referees/judges in various sports, and another, Michael A. Stoll et al (2004) examines racial match preferences in employment 2The data also include a small…”
Referee Bias (2016, background): “Though there are differences in magnitude, the (16)Zitzewitz (2012) reports that the introduction of anonymous voting to reduce vote trading in Figure Skating did not decrease bias.”
AN EXAMINATION OF WHETHER AND HOW RACIAL AND GENDER BIASES INFLUENCE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (2010, background): “However, we urge caution if organizations choose to remove outlier ratings because this tactic may actually decrease rating accuracy if most judges are aware of their biases and therefore tend to over-correct their judgments (Zitzewitz, 2006).”