Language Learning Motivation: The Student, the Teacher, and the Researcher.

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Motivation of UK school pupils towards foreign languages: a large-scale survey at Key Stage 3 (2007, unknown): “In the 1980s and 1990s, Gardner (1985), Gardner et al. (1997), and Gardner (2001) developed the initial model so that it took into account environmental factors such as the social milieu and the educational context.”
The Effects of Teachers’ In-Class Motivational Intervention on Learners’ EFL Achievement (2016, background): “…causally affects learner motivation levels and that higher motivation leads to higher SL achievement (e.g. Gardner and Lambert 1972; Crookes and Schmidt 1991; Ellis 1994; Oxford and Shearin 1994; Chambers 1999; Gardner 2001; Masgoret and Gardner 2003; Bernaus and Gardner 2008; Lasagabaster 2011).”
Integrative Motivation in a Globalizing World. (2004, background): “(Gardner, 2001b: 6).”