Reactions to counterstereotypic behavior: the role of backlash in cultural stereotype maintenance.

By Laurie A. Rudman, Kimberly Fairchild. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004

858 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9130546bfb3599e16dc0c847b04d750f32b56ffc

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Citations in the corpus

Collective guilt: Emotional reactions when one's group has done wrong or been wronged (2006, background): “In such circumstances, groupmembers tend to take action to protect their ingroup, which can include derogation and sabotage of the outgroup (Branscombe & Wann, 1994; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004).”
Competent Yet Out in the Cold: Shifting Criteria for Hiring Reflect Backlash Toward Agentic Women (2008, background): “However, when women necessarily portray themselves as ambitious and capable, they are viewed as highly qualified for leadership roles, but they risk social and economic penalties (backlash effects; Rudman, 1998; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004).”
A Minority Stress Perspective on Transgender Individuals’ Experiences With Misgendering (2016, background): “…respond negatively toward those who deviate from normative gender expectations (Eagly & Wood, 1991; Miller & Grollman, 2015; Norton & Herek, 2013; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004; Tebbe & Moradi, 2012) or an implicit belief in gender essentialism—that is, gender is immutable and This article was…”
Microdynamics in diverse teams: A review and integration of the diversity and stereotyping literatures (2017, background): “Indeed, we have pointed out that perceivers have a preference for members who behave in a stereotype-congruent way (Fiske & Neuberg, 1990) and may punish targets who display stereotype-incongruent behavior (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004; Rudman & Glick, 2001).”
Gender Role Violations and Identity Misclassification: The Roles of Audience and Actor Variables (2006, methodology): “On a personal level, factors that inhibit individuals from violating gender role norms can interfere with their optimal functioning and wellbeing (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Shaver et al., 1996); on a broader level, factors that inhibit individuals from violating gender role norms can help to perpetuate gen”
Negotiating the Gender Divide (2012, background): “Women inspire derogation and even sabotage when they engage in gendercounternormative behavior (Heilman & Wallen, 2010; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004).”
Defensive Reactions to Masculinity Threat: More Negative Affect Toward Effeminate (but not Masculine) Gay Men (2007, background): “Because gender norms are highly prescriptive (Eagly 1987), people who violate them are punished (Rudman and Fairchild 2004) and individuals also seek to deny gender-deviance in themselves (Bosson et al. 2005; Rudman and Fairchild 2004).”
How Often Does Currently Felt Emotion Predict Social Behavior and Judgment? A Meta-Analytic Test of Two Theories (2016, background): “To illustrate, one study showed how anticipated emotion helped explain why people engage in behaviors that maintain cultural stereotypes (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004).”
Is the Marlboro man the only alternative? The role of gender identity and self-construal salience in evaluations of male models (2009, background): “Thus, male femininity appears to represent a selfperceived undesirable characteristic to be hidden from discovery and the negative impressions or potential backlash from other men ( Rudman and Fairchild 2004 ).”
A bed of thorns: Female leaders and the self-reinforcing cycle of illegitimacy (2016, background): “…that emerge when bias against female leaders is thought of as a special case of bias against illegitimate leaders, rather than as a special case of bias against norm-violators more generally (e.g.Eagly & Karau, 2002; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004; Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Glick, and Phelan, 2012).”
Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior (2012, positive): “After performing well in a task typical of the other sex, women and men attempted to hide their success from others, falsely claimed success on a task typical of their own sex, and expressed greater interest in same-sex activities (Rudman & Fairchild, 2004).”
When overconfidence is revealed to others: Testing the status-enhancement theory of overconfidence (2013, background): “For instance, researchers have found individuals to exhibit suspicion regarding females’ motivations for contributing to tasks because competent, agentic behavior violates female gender norms (Carli et al., 1995; Ridgeway, 1978; Ridgeway, 1981; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004; Rudman & Glick, 1999).”