Expertise in Ultra-Endurance Triathletes Early Sport Involvement, Training Structure, and the Theory of Deliberate Practice

By J. Baker, J. Côté, J. Deakin. 2005

212 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Developmental and Educational Psychology, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fe3182becd4b582a09a0b629c99cb6c3ea69852

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Developmental and Educational Psychology

1. J. Côté
2. David J. Hancock
3. J. Fraser-Thomas
4. J. Baker
5. J. Deakin
6. S. Cobley
7. M. Wall
8. A. Fonseca

In Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

1. J. Côté
2. David J. Hancock
3. J. Fraser-Thomas
4. J. Baker
5. S. Cobley
6. M. Wall
7. J. Deakin
8. Patrícia Coutinho

In Social Psychology

1. J. Côté
2. David J. Hancock
3. J. Fraser-Thomas
4. J. Baker
5. J. Deakin
6. S. Cobley
7. M. Wall
8. Dany J. MacDonald

Citations in the corpus

• 20 years later: deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport (2014, background): “…with coach, practice alone, weight training and aerobic training Experts had more organized training and individual instruction with coach than nonexperts Baker et al. (2005) Ironman Triathlon Front of pack (9) Middle of pack (9) Back of pack (9) 12,558 ± 3581 6196 ± 3425 4123 ± 2288 Career to…”
• The benefits of sampling sports during childhood (2009, background): “Research has demonstrated that some athletes who had diversified sport backgrounds and engaged in deliberate play during childhood still reached an elite level in sport (Baker, Cote, & Abernethy, 2003; Baker, Cote, & Deakin, 2005; Soberlak & Cote, 2003).”
• Examining Adolescent Sport Dropout and Prolonged Engagement from a Developmental Perspective (2008, methodology): “They outlined a variety of procedures to assure the validity and reliability of the interview, which have been used successfully in past studies (eg, Baker, Cote, & Deakin, 2005 ), and were used in the present study.”
• ISSP position stand: To sample or to specialize? Seven postulates about youth sport activities that lead to continued participation and elite performance (2009, background): “A study of Master triathletes showed that sampling a range of sports during childhood was associated with participation that extended into late adulthood (Baker et al., 2005).”
• Characteristics of expert development in rhythmic gymnastics: A retrospective study (2007, background): “…study did not sample a wide variety of activities before they invested in rhythmic gymnastics, thus failing to follow the same developmental sequence as the team-sport athletes and triathletes studied by Côté and colleagues (Baker et al ., 2003a; Baker et al ., 2005; Soberlak & Côté, 2003) .”
• Talent development in sport: A critical review of pathways to expert performance (2016, background): “Expert and non-expert athletes have mostly been distinguished by the level of playing proficiency attained.(27,35,48,59,64) Additional research reported other criteria such as playing in the highest division,(28,39) being part of the national team(28,52,60,101) or competitive results achieved.”
• “Specializers” versus “Samplers” in Youth Sport: Comparing Experiences and Outcomes (2009, background): “In a study involving ultra-endurance triathletes, Baker, Côté, and Deakin (2005) found that the expert and nonexpert athletes differed in the amount of sport-specific training but the groups were not distinguishable in the early stages of development.”
• Developmental activities that lead to dropout and investment in sport (2007, methodology): “To date, studies using the DMSP as a framework have found that expert athletes in rowing, tennis, basketball, netball, triathlon and ice hockey follow a path consistent with that outlined by the model (Baker et al., 2003; Soberlak & Côté, 2003; Baker et al., 2005).”
• Evidence-based policies for youth sport programmes (2016, methodology): “Using this methodology, a series of studies were conducted with groups of expert and non-expert athletes (e.g., Baker et al. 2003a, 2003b, 2005, Soberlak and Côté 2003, Law et al. 2007, Berry et al. 2008) to refine the DMSP and provide clarity on its different outcomes and trajectories.”
• What do we know about early sport specialization? Not much! (2009, result): “A recent examination of the effects of diversified training in triathletes (Baker et al., 2005) found that diversified training was valuable only during early phases of development, but further work is necessary to confirm these results in other populations.”