Examining Adolescent Sport Dropout and Prolonged Engagement from a Developmental Perspective

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An Integrative Definition of Coaching Effectiveness and Expertise (2009, background): “Although this performance environment can certainly be handled by some children, at a population level it involves a mismatch between children’s developmental needs and coaching behaviours that leads to more dropout, injuries, and shorter careers than when children are trained by a competent partici”
Evidence-based policies for youth sport programmes (2016, methodology): “Among these, evidence supports the notion that increased sport diversification increases participation (i.e., avoids dropout) in many sports including tennis (Carlson 1988, Gould et al. 1996), swimming (Fraser-Thomas et al. 2008a, 2008b) and ice hockey (Wall and Côté 2007).”
A systematic review of dropout from organized sport among children and youth (2015, background): “Fraser-Thomas et al. (2008a, 2008b) concluded that adolescents feel pressure to satisfy the needs of both family and friends.”
What do we know about early sport specialization? Not much! (2009, methodology): “Consistent with Wiersma's ( 2000 ) definition and past research in the field (eg, Baker, Cote, & Abernethy, 2003 ; Fraser‐Thomas, Cote, & Deakin, 2008 ; Wall & Cote, 2007 ), we suggest that early specialization includes four specific parameters: early start age in sport; early involvement in one ”