Why Do Some Occupations Pay More than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States1

By Kim A. Weeden. American Journal of Sociology, 2002

559 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8d8861bf16ea657631af2cc71021359d9c7d6d17

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Citations in the corpus

The Three Worlds of Inequality1 (2012, background): “This process is further reinforced by explicit consciousness-raising and interest formation by intermediary organizations at the occupation level (e.g., the American Federation of Teachers, the National Cosmetology Association; see also Weeden 2002).”
Entrepreneurship as a Mobility Process (2014, background): “These interdependencies may arise through formal promotion polices (as in firm internal labor markets [Doeringer and Piore 1971]), credentialing requirements (Weeden 2002), or informal practices.”
Closure and Exposure: Mechanisms in the Intergenerational Transmission of Self-employment (2007, background): “It is also possible that in advanced capitalist societies, many of the theoretical mechanisms identified by sociologists as structural sources of inequality – such as credentials – may be more germane to career dynamics and labor market outcomes (Sørensen 2000; Weeden 2002).”
Job Polarization in Europe? Changes in the Employment Structure and Job Quality, 1995-2007 (2012, methodology): “Furthermore, occupational sociology has a long tradition of studying how certain occupational groups have been able to control the boundaries, mechanisms of access, and work organization of their occupations, not only against employers but also against other workers (the old concept of “occupational”
The Paradox of Publicity (2014, background): “On the other hand, part of the value of status inheres in exclusivity (Veblen, 1899; Bourdieu, 1984) and social closure (Weber, 1946; Parkin, 1979; Weeden, 2002).”
Occupational Closure and Wage Inequality in Germany and the United Kingdom (2015, background): “Licensure is comparatively prevalent in the United Kingdom, although not as prevalent as in the United States (Humphris et al., 2011).”
The Structure of Deference: Modeling Occupational Status Using Affect Control Theory (2018, background): “Under some conditions, such as an occupational landscape exhibiting extensive social closure (Weeden 2002; Weeden and Grusky 2012), objective conditions may have more explanatory power than status.”
Not by Productivity Alone: How Visibility and Specialization Contribute to Academic Earnings (2007, background): “Indeed, men receive better and different kinds of human capital (Weeden 2002), often specializing in more valued and financially rewarding specialty areas (Fuller and Schoenberger 1991; Gerhart 1990).”
The Rise of Intra-Occupational Wage Inequality in the United States, 1983 to 2002 (2008, background): “They assume that various processes of social closure erect barriers of entry in the labor market based on occupations (Grusky 2005; Weeden 2002).”
Occupations and the Structure of Wage Inequality in the United States, 1980s to 2000s (2010, background): “Second, occupations differ in the extent to which they adopt and maintain institutional mechanisms of social closure such as licensing, educational credentialing, voluntary certification, association representation, and unionization (Weeden 2002).”
School-to-Work Linkages, Educational Mismatches, and Labor Market Outcomes (2019, methodology): “Third, individuals who hold credentials in fields with strong labor market linkage may have greater power to extract higher pay in the market via unions or occupational associations (Weeden 2002).”
Breaking the ‘Class’ Ceiling? Social Mobility into Britain's Elite Occupations (2015, unknown): “…within class analysis and the study of social mobility has been taken up by Grusky and his various collaborators (eg Grusky and Sorensen, 1998; Weeden, 2002), who argue that in the process of aggregation to NS-SEC type classes, the detailed dynamics of occupational contexts – in respect of…”
Social Class and Earnings Inequality (2007, background): “The direction of the BO/WC trend does not fall out quite so directly from an existing empirical literature (cf. Weeden, 2002).”
Signals and closure by degrees: The education effect across 15 European countries (2011, background): “Credentials give entrance to ccupations and one’s level of productivity is irrelevant or the returns that education brings on the labor market Weeden, 2002).”
Financialization and U.S. Income Inequality, 1970–20081 (2011, unknown): “Researchers find that occupational structure ðWeeden 2002; Mouw and Kalleberg 2010Þ, terms of employment ðDiPrete et al. 2006Þ, family structure ðMcCall and Percheski 2010Þ, performancepay practice ðLemieux 2007; Hanley 2011Þ, and employment concentration ðDavis and Cobb 2010Þ might all contribute…”
The Payoff to Skill in the Third Industrial Revolution1 (2013, background): “…occupational closure, refers to the widespread practice of establishing barriers ðe.g., certificationÞ that protect incumbents against competition from others who might wish to enter the occupation or provide competing products or services ðWeeden 2002; Kleiner 2006; Kleiner and Krueger 2010Þ.”