A World of Difference: International Trends in Women's Economic Status

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Work–Family Policy Trade-Offs for Mothers? Unpacking the Cross-National Variation in Motherhood Earnings Penalties (2016, background): “Gendered economic inequality persists among welfare states, despite a wide range of work–family policies ostensibly aimed at addressing these inequalities (Budig & England, 2001; Charles, 2011; Charles & Grusky, 2004; Gornick & Meyers, 2003; Mandel & Semyonov, 2005, 2006; Pettit & Hook, 2009; Yaish ”
Who likes math where? Gender differences in eighth-graders’ attitudes around the world (2014, background): “In brief, the argument is that educational and occupational aspirations will be more strongly influenced by cultural gender beliefs in highly affluent societal contexts (Charles, 2011b; Charles & Bradley, 2002, 2009).”
Why Does Workplace Gender Diversity Matter? Justice, Organizational Benefits, and Policy (2019, background): “This is because the gender typing of occupations may have greater influence on career decision-making in “postmaterialist” countries, in which occupational choices are a form of “identity construction” and “self-affirmation” (Cech, 2013; Charles, 2011, p. 365).”
Do Employers Prefer Fathers? Evidence from a Field Experiment Testing the Gender by Parenthood Interaction Effect on Callbacks to Job Applications (2017, background): “We know that, in general, men are advantaged over women in the labour market, and that fathers are advantaged over mothers (Charles, 2011).”