Diet and Feeding Pattern Affect the Diurnal Dynamics of the Gut Microbiome

By Amir Zarrinpar, A. Chaix, Shibu Yooseph, Satchidananda Panda. Cell Metabolism, 2014

792 citations recorded by the source corpus.

SUMMARY The gut microbiome and daily feeding/fasting cycle influence host metabolism and contributes to obesity and metabolic diseases. However, fundamental characteristics of this relationship between the feeding/fasting cycle and the gut microbiome is unknown. Our studies show that the gut microbiome is highly dynamic, exhibiting daily cyclical fluctuations in composition. Diet-induced obesity dampens the daily feeding/fasting rhythm and diminishes many of these cyclical fluctuations. Time restricted feeding (TRF), in which feeding is consolidated to the nocturnal phase, partially restores these cyclical fluctuations. Furthermore, TRF, which protects against obesity and metabolic diseases, affects bacteria shown to influence host metabolism. Cyclical changes in the gut microbiome from feeding/fasting rhythms contribute to the diversity of gut microflora and likely represent a mechanism by which the gut microbiome affects host metabolism. Thus, feeding pattern and time of harvest, in addition to diet, are important parameters when assessing the microbiome’s contribution to host metabolism.

Subfields: Biological Psychiatry, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e93d2cd92c3da685954b91ea5faea4c3b48093f

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Molecular Biology

1. Eran Elinav
2. Eyal David
3. Eran Segal
4. Jack A. Gilbert
5. K. Honda
6. Eugene Chang
7. Tim D. Spector
8. Ido Amit

In Physiology

1. Satchidananda Panda
2. W. Cefalu
3. C. Peterson
4. E. Ravussin
5. K. Early
6. R. Beyl
7. Elizabeth F Sutton
8. S. Gill

Citations in the corpus

• Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism (2015, positive): “However, we detected diet-dependent oscillations of gut microbes using an improved version of JTK_CYCLE (Thaiss et al., 2014; Zarrinpar et al., 2014), empirical JTK_CYCLE with asymmetry (Hutchison et al., 2015 in press) (Table S3).”
• The two‐process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal (2016, background): “It is noteworthy that the gut microbiome is highly dynamic, exhibiting daily cyclic fluctuations which have repercussions on host metabolism and provide evidence for a crossregulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic circadian rhythms (Thaiss et al., 2014; Zarrinpar et al., 2014).”
• Microbiota Diurnal Rhythmicity Programs Host Transcriptome Oscillations. (2016, positive): “While diurnal rhythms have so far been mainly described on the level of bacterial genome abundance (Leone et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015; Thaiss et al., 2014; Zarrinpar et al., 2014), we highlight two new elements of microbiota oscillatory activity that provide a mechanistic explanation for its fu”
• Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease (2019, background): “found that diet-induced obesity dampens daily cyclical fluctuations in mice microbiota [275].”
• Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019, background): “Fundamental characteristics of the effect of fasting or time-restricted feeding on the gut microbiota are still unknown with a limited number of observational studies of religious fasting and some modest experimental studies, most with fewer than 50 participants [30].”
• A smartphone app reveals erratic diurnal eating patterns in humans that can be modulated for health benefits (2015, background): “…organisms have demonstrated that restricting the time of caloric intake to a window of 8–12 hr without altering the quantity or quality of diet can impart pleiotropic physiological benefits (Chaix et al., 2014; Gill et al., 2015; Hatori et al., 2012; Sherman et al., 2012; Zarrinpar et al., 2014).”
• Promoting Health and Longevity through Diet: from Model Organisms to Humans (2015, neutral): “2014; Wang et al., 2014).”
• Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. (2018, positive): “Studies in rodents using feeding windows of 3–10 hr report that TRF reduces bodyweight, increases energy expenditure, improves glycemic control, lowers insulin levels, reduces hepatic fat, prevents hyperlipidemia, reduces infarct volume after stroke, and improves inflammatory markers, relative to gr”