Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism

By V. Leone, Sean M. Gibbons, K. Martinez, Alan L. Hutchison, Edmond Y. Huang, C. Cham, J. Pierre, A. Heneghan, A. Nadimpalli, N. Hubert and 10 more. Cell Host and Microbe, 2015

781 citations recorded by the source corpus.

SUMMARY Circadian clocks and metabolism are inextricably intertwined, where central and hepatic circadian clocks coordinate metabolic events in response to light-dark and sleep-wake cycles. We reveal an additional key element involved in maintaining host circadian rhythms, the gut microbiome. Despite persistence of light-dark signals, germ-free mice fed low or high fat diets exhibit markedly impaired central and hepatic circadian clock gene expression and do not gain weight compared to conventionally-raised counterparts. Examination of gut microbiota in conventionally-raised mice showed differential diurnal variation in microbial structure and function dependent upon dietary composition. Additionally, specific microbial metabolites induced under low or high fat feeding, particularly short chain fatty acids, but not hydrogen sulfide, directly modulate circadian clock gene expression within hepatocytes. These results underscore the ability of microbially-derived metabolites to regulate or modify central and hepatic circadian rhythm and host metabolic function, the latter following intake of a Westernized diet.

Subfields: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/732e0d140fff3234b4d31f0a082341dcc593dde1

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In Molecular Biology

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In Physiology

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Citations in the corpus

• Synchronized cycles of bacterial lysis for in vivo delivery (2016, background): “Along these lines, cyclic drug release may have broader implications, given recent insights into the effects of circadian rhythms on host-microbial interactions and metabolic disorders 27,28 .”
• Microbiota Diurnal Rhythmicity Programs Host Transcriptome Oscillations. (2016, positive): “While diurnal rhythms have so far been mainly described on the level of bacterial genome abundance (Leone et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015; Thaiss et al., 2014; Zarrinpar et al., 2014), we highlight two new elements of microbiota oscillatory activity that provide a mechanistic explanation for its fu”
• Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences and Countermeasures (2016, positive): “Furthermore, clock gene expression is altered in germ-free mice, and these mice do not gain body mass compared to conventionally raised mice, perhaps due to differences in microbe-derived metabolites like shortchain fatty acids (123).”