Biohydrogenation and digestion of long chain fatty acids in steers fed on different sources of lipid

By N. Scollan, M. Dhanoa, N. Choi, W. Maeng, M. Enser, J. Wood. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2001

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Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels. (2009, background): “One approach is to provide cattle with a concentrated n 3 fatty acid source such as flaxseed, but bacteria in the rumen will reduce the PUFA as the double bonds are hydrogenated [285], necessitating examining a number of different approaches to protect these fatty acids from hydrogenation [107,286].”
NEW PERSPECTIVES ON LIPID DIGESTION AND METABOLISM IN RUMINANTS (2003, background): “dietary supplements of fish oil indicate that much of the EPA and DHA is biohydrogenated, although to a lesser extent than typically observed for linoleic and linolenic acids (Chilliard et al., 2000; Wachira et al., 2000; Scollan et al., 2001).”
Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, or sunflower oil (2005, background): “Contrary to previous results found in steers fed fish oil versus linseeds (Scollan et al., 2001), we found increases in apparent intestinal digestibilities of 14:0 and 16:0, and numerically greater digestibilities of EPA, DPA, and DHA with FO than LO.”