Commensal–dendritic-cell interaction specifies a unique protective skin immune signature
By S. Naik, N. Bouladoux, Jonathan L. Linehan, Seong-Ji Han, O. Harrison, C. Wilhelm, Sean Conlan, S. Himmelfarb, Allyson L. Byrd, C. Deming and 8 more. Nature, 2015
765 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The skin represents the primary interface between the host and the environment. This organ is also home to trillions of microorganisms that play an important role in tissue homeostasis and local immunity. Skin microbial communities are highly diverse and can be remodelled over time or in response to environmental challenges. How, in the context of this complexity, individual commensal microorganisms may differentially modulate skin immunity and the consequences of these responses for tissue physiology remains unclear. Here we show that defined commensals dominantly affect skin immunity and identify the cellular mediators involved in this specification. In particular, colonization with Staphylococcus epidermidis induces IL-17A+ CD8+ T cells that home to the epidermis, enhance innate barrier immunity and limit pathogen invasion. Commensal-specific T-cell responses result from the coordinated action of skin-resident dendritic cell subsets and are not associated with inflammation, revealing that tissue-resident cells are poised to sense and respond to alterations in microbial communities. This interaction may represent an evolutionary means by which the skin immune system uses fluctuating commensal signals to calibrate barrier immunity and provide heterologous protection against invasive pathogens. These findings reveal that the skin immune landscape is a highly dynamic environment that can be rapidly and specifically remodelled by encounters with defined commensals, findings that have profound implications for our understanding of tissue-specific immunity and pathologies.
Subfields: Dermatology, Immunology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7520f8f5098bf4d43348d29fbf326e2cf9e0ba2d
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Citations in the corpus
- The IL-17 family of cytokines in health and disease (2019, background): “Accordingly, IL-17 responses defend against extracellular fungal and bacterial pathogenic species including Candida, Cryptococcus, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus, among others.”
- Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease (2020, background): “One of the most highly abundant skin commensals, Staphylococcus epidermidis, can specifically induce homing of CD8 T cells primed by CD103 DCs into the epidermis and can promote skin antimicrobial responses in an IL17dependent manner.(205) Furthermore, the S.”
- Small Molecules from the Human Microbiota (2015, neutral): “Conventional mice can be colonized by individual skin commensals, and the T cell response can be tracked over long periods (145).”
- Homeostatic immunity and the microbiota (2017, neutral): “Cognate responses to S. epidermidis in the skin depend exclusively on tissue resident antigen presenting cells with CD103+DCs required for the induction of IL-17+CD8+T cells responses against S. epidermidis and production of IL-17 by these cells licensed within the skin by IL-1 producing CD11b+DCs (”
- Wound healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes (2020, background): “This defence extends to a sophisticated immune barrier response that protects against pathogenic infection, while supporting commensal microorganisms via an elegantly adapted host–microbiota axis [3].”
- The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy (2018, background): “epidermidis to the exclusion of other bacterial species (Naik et al., 2015; Nakatsuji et al., 2017).”
- The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health (2017, neutral): “Furthermore, in germ-free mice, inoculation with microorganisms was shown to be essential for the recruitment of dendritic cells to the lungs 167 , and the priming of CD8 + T cells 168 .”