Emergence of a culture in wild chimpan-zees: education by master-apprenticeship

By Tetsuro Matsuzawa, D. Biro, T. Humle, Noriko Inoue-Nakamura, Rikako Tonooka, G. Yamakoshi. 2001

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Three Key Concepts of the Theory of Objectification: Knowledge, Knowing, and Learning (2013, background): “The nut-cracking practice eventually spread out among neighboring groups as a result of chimps’ immigration (Hirata et al. , 2009, p. 88; Matsuzawa et al. , 2001 , pp. 569-70).”
Oil Palm Use by Adjacent Communities of Chimpanzees at Bossou and Nimba Mountains, West Africa (2004, background): “After 1990, the pestle-pounding or nut-cracking ability or both, prior to disappearance, of many of the chimpanzees was confirmed (based on Humle, 2003; Matsuzawa et al., 2001; Sugiyama, 1981; 1984; 1999; Yamakoshi and Sugiyama, 1995)”
The influence of kin relationship and reciprocal context on chimpanzees' other-regarding preferences (2010, unknown): “However, detailed analysis of mother–offspring interactions have shown that chimpanzee mothers’ attitude towards their offspring can be characterized as tolerance rather than active altruism (Matsuzawa et al. 2001; Ueno & Matsuzawa 2004; Yamamoto & Tanaka 2009c).”