REPRESENTATION

By Oliver W. Lembcke. 1919

In these days, when, if the words of constitutions can be trusted, sovereign Parliaments based on manhood or adult suffrage are rapidly extending their sway over the greater part of the world, there is surely no conception more deserving of the attention of the political theorist than that of Representation. There was a time when government for most men meant monarchy, when ruler meant king or king's minister. To-day for most men ruler means Parliament or ministers responsible to Parliament, and government means representative government. In those former times the political theorist would naturally take the king or prince for his centre-piece, and devote himself to expounding the nature and attributes of the office. “For from the prince, as from a well spring, cometh the flood of all that is good or evil upon the people” (Sir T. More). In our own day he would perhaps do well to devote himself first and mainly to reflection on the meaning of this term representation, standing as it does for something which is taken by general consent to constitute the distinctive feature of the normal modern type of government. He may run the risk of speaking merely for his own day; but he should at least be sure of remaining near the centre of his subject.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

1. Ming-Hsuan Yang
2. Jiahui Yu
3. Bo Li
4. Luc Van Gool
5. Yoshua Bengio
6. Sergey Levine
7. Trevor Darrell
8. Yu Zhang

Citations in the corpus

• THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECT CATEGORIZATION IN YOUNG CHILDREN: HIERARCHICAL INCLUSIVENESS, AGE, PERCEPTUAL ATTRIBUTE, AND GROUP VERSUS INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES (2010, neutral): “This is because superordinate categories are thought to be linked less by perceptual and functional associations and more by abstract, conceptual connections (Mandler et al., 1991).”
• On agent-based software engineering (2000, unknown): “Such Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architectures have been used in a wide variety of applications including air traffic control [39], process control [30], simulation [47], fault diagnosis [26], transportation [5], and scientific data interpretation [17].”
• Self-supervised Learning with Random-projection Quantizer for Speech Recognition (2022, methodology): “Thus, comparing with VQ-VAEs gives us insight on the quantization quality (Hsu et al., 2021) 0.3 − − − − 1.5 3.0 1.9 3.3 HuBERT X-Large (Hsu et al., 2021) 1.0 − − − − 1.5 2.5 1.8 2.9 w2v-Conformer XL (Zhang et al., 2020) 0.6 1.7 3.5 1.7 3.5 1.6 3.2 1.5 3.2 w2v-BERT XL (Chung et al., 2021) 0.6 1.5 2.”
• Target-Aware Deep Tracking (2019, background): “…the non-real-time deep trackers such as MDNet [29], CREST [35], LSART [37], FlowT [52], DSLT [25], MetaS-DNet [30], VITAL [36], and DAT [31]; and the real-time deep trackers such as ACT [4], TRACA [5], SiamFC [2], CFNet [40], DSiamM [11], RASNet [44], SA-Siam [13], SiamRPN [21], and DaSiamRPN [51].”
• Perceptual and Conceptual Processes in Infancy (2000, unknown): “We cannot just ignore the beginnings of conceptual inference (McDonough & Mandler, 1998), problem solving (Willatts, 1990), or recall of the past (Bauer & Mandler, 1992; Mandler & McDonough, 1995; Meltzoff, 1988).”
• Pretense and representation: The origins of "theory of mind." (1987, unknown): “It has much in common with the concepts developed by the information-processing, or cognitivist, approach to cognition and perception (Chomsky, 1980; Oennett, 1983; Fodor, 1976; Haugeland, 1978; Mandler, 1983; Mart, 1982; Rock, 1983; Ullman, 1980).”
• Gemma Scope: Open Sparse Autoencoders Everywhere All At Once on Gemma 2 (2024, background): “There are several lines of evidence that suggest that a significant fraction of the internal activations of language models are sparse, linear combination of vectors, each corresponding to meaningful features (Elhage et al., 2022; Gurnee et al., 2023; Olah et al., 2020; Park et al., 2023; Nanda et a”
• Cognitive Strategies Instruction: From Basic Research to Classroom Instruction (2009, unknown): “Such knowledge contrasts with declarative knowledge, the knowledge of facts (Mandler, 1998).”
• The Development of Implicit and Explicit Memory (2000, unknown): “Unfortunately, many researchers have summarily dismissed infants’ memory performance in the mobile conjugate reinforcement task without understanding how the task has actually been exploited to study infants’ memory abilities (e.g., Nelson 1995; Mandler 1998; Schacter & Moscovitch 1984).”
• Semantic and Conceptual Knowledge Underlying Bilingual Babies' First Signs and Words (2002, unknown): “Carey’s proposal implies that by capturing the context surrounding babies’ productive vocabulary, and by examining babies’ patterns of word use, researchers may infer children’s early word meanings (see also Mandler, 1981).”
• The development of risk-taking: A multi-perspective review (2006, unknown): “For instance, studies have demonstrated that with age come more sophisticated cognitive representational capacities (Mandler, 1998) improved reasoning skills (DeLoache, Miller, & Pierroutsakos, 1998), more eYcient strategies (Siegler, 1996), greater processing speed”
• Spatial abilities at different scales: Individual differences in aptitude-test performance and spatial-layout learning (2006, unknown): “Several other researchers in cognition and perception (e.g., Acredolo, 1981; Cutting & Vishton, 1995; Freundschuh & Egenhofer, 1997; Gärling & Golledge, 1987; Kuipers, 1982; Mandler, 1983; Montello, 1993; Montello & Golledge, 1999; Tversky, Morrison, Franklin, & Bryant, 1999; Zacks, Mires, Tversky, ”