alpha-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans.

By J. Brenna, N. Salem, A. Sinclair, S. Cunnane. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2009

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Production, distribution, and abundance of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a fundamental dichotomy between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems (2015, background): “…(LC-PUFA) are critically involved with key physiological functions of aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, in supporting brain function, cardiovascular health, growth, reproduction, and the immune response (Arts et al. 2001; Brenna et al. 2009; Simopoulos 2011; Parrish 2013).”
A fundamental dichotomy in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid abundance between and within marine and terrestrial ecosystems (2017, background): “≥ 20 carbons long) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), are known to have key 26 physiological functions in all vertebrate organisms, specifically involved in supporting 27 neurological development and function, cardiovascular health, visual acuity, growth, 28 reproduction, and the immune system (”
Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels. (2009, background): “Hence, the point regarding conversion in humans of ALA to longer chain n 3 fatty acids is still subject to significant debate [121,122].”