How many memory systems are there

By Endel Tulving. 1985

Subfields: Neuroscience, Cognitive Science & Psychology

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Neuroscience

In Cognitive Science & Psychology

Citations in the corpus

Self-Infiltration vs. Self-Compatibility Checking in Dealing with Unattractive Tasks: The Moderating Influence of State vs. Action Orientation (2003, background): “Experimental and neurobiological evidence confirming the existence of a separate episodic memory system with an associated “autonoetic consciousness” has been summarized by Wheeler, Stuss, and Tulving (1997; see also Tulving, 1985 ).”
Role of Emotion in Cognitive‐Behavior Therapy (2006, background): “Similarly, Rosch (1983) wrote about logical versus prototypical mental systems, Tulving (1984) focused on the distinction between procedural, semantic, and episodic memory, and Paivio (1986, 1991) has presented an empirically validated dual coding theory that focuses on the distinction between…”
Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective. (2004, background): “Accordingly, beginning in the mid 1980s, the perspective shifted to a framework that accommodated multiple (i.e., more than two) memory systems (see for example, Tulving, 1985).”
A meta-analysis of structural brain abnormalities in PTSD. (2006, background): “Studies of structural brain abnormalities in PTSD have focused in particular on the hippocampus, a grey matter structure in the limbic system that is critically involved in explicit (declarative) memory, working memory (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978; Squire, 1992), and memory for episodic events (Eldridge”
The Brain’s Default Network and its Adaptive Role in Internal Mentation (2011, background): “…and others 2009; McDermott and others 2009; see also Kim and others 2010; St. Jacques and others forthcoming), consistent with the idea that such tasks evoke a sense of “autonoetic consciousness,” or the subjective feeling of reexperiencing the past (Tulving 1985; Cabeza and St. Jacques 2007).”
An Empirical Investigation of the Differential Effects of Personal, Historical, and Non-Nostalgic Advertising on Consumer Responses (2011, background): “Unlike autobiographical memories, which are recollections about events in one’s own life (Baumgartner, Sujan, and Bettman 1992; Tulving 1985), nostalgic memories are characterized as “idealized” recollections of the past (i.e., as seen through rose-colored glasses) and may include thoughts about…”
O N M EMORY IN H UMAN AND A RTIFICIAL L ANGUAGE P ROCESSING S YSTEMS (2020, background): “It has been argued that intelligent behaviors rely on multiple memory systems (Tulving, 1985; Rolls, 2000).”
Memory for traumatic experiences in early childhood (2004, background): “…consists of multiple interacting systems, which differentially contribute to our ability to store and recall information (e.g., Moscovitch, 1994; Pillemer & White, 1989; Schacter, 1987, 1993; Tulving, 1985; Tulving & Markowitsch, 1998; see Roediger III, Buckner, & McDermott, 1999, for review).”
Linking implicit and explicit memory: common encoding factors and shared representations. (2006, background): “…completely independent: ''Perfect stochastic independence implies complete absence of.overlap [of information , stages, processes, mechanisms]'' (Tulving, 1985, p. 395); however, the methodological and statistical techniques used to obtain stochastic dissociations have been questioned (for a…”
A Practical Guide to Experience-Sampling Procedures (2003, background): “As such, experience-sampling reports tend to measure representations that are episodic (or experiential) in nature (for a discussion of episodic memory, see Tulving, 1985).”
Away from “Unified Nostalgia”: Conceptual Differences of Personal and Historical Nostalgia Appeals in Advertising (2010, methodology): “This has been tested empirically through the content analysis of television advertisements (1031 ads appearing on network TV) by Unger, McConocha, and Faier (1991) who identified six elements in advertising that have nostalgia-evoking qualities.”
The Relation between Consistency and Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony: Legal versus Cognitive Explanations (2009, result): “This experimental dissociation suggests that consistency and accuracy may reflect different underlying mechanisms (Tulving, 1985), in opposition to the “Courtroom” theory.”