Metabolic Reprograming in Macrophage Polarization

By Silvia Galván-Peña, Luke A. O'Neill. Frontiers in Immunology, 2014

899 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Studying the metabolism of immune cells in recent years has emphasized the tight link existing between the metabolic state and the phenotype of these cells. Macrophages in particular are a good example of this phenomenon. Whether the macrophage obtains its energy through glycolysis or through oxidative metabolism can give rise to different phenotypes. Classically activated or M1 macrophages are key players of the first line of defense against bacterial infections and are known to obtain energy through glycolysis. Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages on the other hand are involved in tissue repair and wound healing and use oxidative metabolism to fuel their longer-term functions. Metabolic intermediates, however, are not just a source of energy but can be directly implicated in a particular macrophage phenotype. In M1 macrophages, the Krebs cycle intermediate succinate regulates HIF1α, which is responsible for driving the sustained production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β. In M2 macrophages, the sedoheptulose kinase carbohydrate kinase-like protein is critical for regulating the pentose phosphate pathway. The potential to target these events and impact on disease is an exciting prospect.

Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5cf49493c75ad14e57393d44d772cf39a6e4887f

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Citations in the corpus

Macrophage Polarization: Different Gene Signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS–) vs. Alternatively Activated Macrophages (2019, background): “As stated before, the M2 polarization exerts a switch on arginine metabolism and other metabolic pathways (57).”
T cell metabolism drives immunity (2015, background): “Arginine metabolism also has a role in macrophage polarization and dictating metabolic phenotype (Galván-Pena and O’Neill, 2014; Rath et al., 2014), but whether arginine metabolism also has such roles in T cells remains to be determined.”
Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity (2019, positive): “Moreover, the higher incidence of asthma observed in female mice was also associated with higher polarization of macrophages to a M2 phenotype when compared to male mice [56, 57].”
Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease (2018, background): “Interestingly, polyamine production has been reported to be a driver of M2 polarization (Biswas & Mantovani, 2012; Covarrubias, Aksoylar, & Horng, 2015; Galvan-Pena & O'Neill, 2014; Lackey & Olefsky, 2016; Orihuela et al., 2016).”
Microglial M1/M2 polarization and metabolic states (2016, background): “In M2 macrophages, glucose consumption is significantly lower as compared with M1 (Rodríguez-Prados et al., 2010) and the sedoheptulose kinase CARKL is critical for regulating the PPP (Galvan-Peña and O’Neill, 2014).”