Meta-Analysis and Subgroups

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Computerized Cognitive Training in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effect Modifiers (2014, methodology): “In the third stage, subgroup analyses were based on a mixed-effects model, which uses a random-effects model to generate within-subgroup variance and a fixed-effects model to compare effects between subgroups [34].”
Two Meta-analyses Exploring the Relationship between Teacher Clarity and Student Learning (2015, methodology): “Because the moderators were coded as dichotomous groups, subgroup analyses were conducted (Borenstein & Higgins, 2013) by computing omnibus tests of between-groups differences (QB) for mixed-effects models (Hedges & Pigott, 2004).”
What Is the Evidence for Physical Therapy Poststroke? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2014, neutral): “In addition, the observational nature of the subgroup analyses means they should be interpreted with caution, as it is known that subgroup analyses in meta-analyses can be less highly powered than analyses for main effects [29,579,580].”