Motivation reconsidered: the concept of competence.

By R. W. White. 1959

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Investigating Contingency Awareness Using Atari 2600 Games (2012, background): “Furthermore, contingent observations seem to encourage the repetition of causal behavior irrespective of extrinsic reward (White 1959).”
Learning Parameterized Skills (2012, background): “In a classic paper, White [85] argued that intrinsically motivated behavior is essential for an organism to gain the competence necessary for autonomy, where autonomy refers to the extent to which an organism is able to achieve mastery over its environment.”
Unifying Count-Based Exploration and Intrinsic Motivation (2016, background): “rogates for extrinsic rewards – to drive curiosity within an agent, influenced by classic ideas from psychology (White, 1959).”
What is Intrinsic Motivation? A Typology of Computational Approaches (2007, methodology): “A typology of computational approaches Pierre-Yves Oudeyer1,2,* and Frederic Kaplan3”
Discovering communication (2006, background): “In such a case, their development would be driven by a form of intrinsic motivation ( White, 1959; Deci and Ryan , 1985), not specific to communication but that would nevertheless lead to the development of communication skills.”
“Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains”: Correction to Deci and Ryan (2008). (2008, background): “People are interested in what they are doing, and they display curiosity, explore novel stimuli, and work to master optimal challenges (Deci, 1975; White, 1959).”
Curiosity, interest and engagement in technology-pervasive learning environments: a new research agenda (2011, background): “White (1959) associated curiosity with a need for competence and E. L. Deci (personal correspondence, 2005) suggests that need for competence is at the heart of curiosity.”
Employee Empowerment: An Integrative Psychological Approach (2001, background): “A predominant approach to power has been to treat it as an internal urge or drive to influence and control others (see e.g. Adler, 1956; White, 1959).”
A Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents’ Commitment to Athletics and the Arts (2002, background): “…individual’s needs including (a) the need for competence, or feeling effective in interacting with the environment; and (b) the need for relatedness, or having close relationships and feeling securely connected to the social world (Baumeister & Leary, 1995; Connell & Wellborn, 1991; White, 1959).”
Interest and Interests: The Psychology of Constructive Capriciousness (2001, background): “The problems with the behaviorist models of interests, which are simply the usual criticisms of behaviorism, have been described elsewhere (Allport, 1946; Bolles, 1967; White, 1959, 1972).”
Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems (2013, background): “In a 1959 paper that has been called “one of the most influential papers on motivation ever published” (Arkes and Garske 1982), Robert White (1959) argued that lengthening the list of primary drives in this way would require such fundamental changes to the drive concept as to leave it…”