Circular RNAs: diversity of form and function

By Erika L. Lasda, R. Parker. RNA: A publication of the RNA Society, 2014

1,101 citations recorded by the source corpus.

It is now clear that there is a diversity of circular RNAs in biological systems. Circular RNAs can be produced by the direct ligation of 5′ and 3′ ends of linear RNAs, as intermediates in RNA processing reactions, or by “backsplicing,” wherein a downstream 5′ splice site (splice donor) is joined to an upstream 3′ splice site (splice acceptor). Circular RNAs have unique properties including the potential for rolling circle amplification of RNA, the ability to rearrange the order of genomic information, protection from exonucleases, and constraints on RNA folding. Circular RNAs can function as templates for viroid and viral replication, as intermediates in RNA processing reactions, as regulators of transcription in cis, as snoRNAs, and as miRNA sponges. Herein, we review the breadth of circular RNAs, their biogenesis and metabolism, and their known and anticipated functions.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4914bc34a51d97cdd273547bc66d6e839858abb3

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Citations in the corpus

Regulation of circRNA biogenesis (2015, background): “Two models have been proposed to explain the underlying mechanism of back-spliced circularization.(11,16,18,20,28) Broadly speaking, the notable difference between these 2 models is which step, canonical splicing or back-splicing, happens first (Fig.”
Specific identification and quantification of circular RNAs from sequencing data (2016, methodology): “We motivate our circRNA detection workflow from the review paper of Lasda and Parker (2014).”
CircRNA: functions and properties of a novel potential biomarker for cancer (2017, background): “2Circular RNAs from introns include circular intronic RNAs (ciRNAs), excised group I introns, excised group II introns, intron lariats, and excised tRNA introns [23].”
Detecting circular RNAs: bioinformatic and experimental challenges (2016, background): “They can be formed from spliced introns or from one or more exons (they are most commonly formed from two or three exons in humans 4 ), sometimes with retained introns (the charac terization of circRNA types is reviewed elsewhere 2 ).”
Circular RNAs are long-lived and display only minimal early alterations in response to a growth factor (2015, background): “Despite the reported wide diversity of circRNAs (14), we show that the abundance of circRNA molecules in mammary cells is, on average, <3% of the abundance of the corresponding linear isoforms derived from the same host gene.”
The Biogenesis, Functions, and Challenges of Circular RNAs. (2018, background): “from precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) back-splicing of exons in which a downstream 50 splice site (ss) is joined with an upstream 30 ss, and the resulting RNA circle is ligated by a 30-50 phosphodiester bond at the junction site (Figure 1A; reviews by Chen, 2016; Lasda and Parker, 2014; Wilusz, 2018).”
CircInteractome: A web tool for exploring circular RNAs and their interacting proteins and microRNAs (2016, background): “38 Splicing events are tightly regulated by RBPs and snRNAs binding near the splice sites.”
Next-Generation Sequencing Technology: Current Trends and Advancements (2023, background): “These approaches encompass a wide range of computational methods, algorithms, and tools that handle preprocessing, alignment, variant calling, gene expression quantiﬁcation, differential expression analysis, and other specialized analyses.”
Circbank: a comprehensive database for circRNA with standard nomenclature (2019, background): “Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a class of RNAs that is characterized by a covalently closed cyclic structure lacking poly-adenylated tails [1,2]. circRNAs are generally expressed at low levels and often exhibit cell type-specific and tissue-specific patterns [3 – 5].”
The RNA binding protein quaking regulates formation of circRNAs. (2015, positive): “However, the advent of next generation sequencing has illuminated circRNAs as an entire class of abundant, non-coding RNAs ubiquitous among eukaryotes (Guo et al., 2014; Jeck and Sharpless, 2014; Jeck et al., 2013; Lasda and Parker, 2014; Memczak et al., 2013; Salzman et al., 2012, 2013; Wang et al.”
Circular RNA: A new star of noncoding RNAs. (2015, background): “Similarly, researchers reported an additional mode of circRNA biogenesis in which interactions between RBPs form a bridge between the flanking introns, which causes the splice donor and splice acceptor to close to promote circRNA biogenesis [40] (Fig.”
A novel protein encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene suppresses glioma tumorigenesis (2018, background): “Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generally considered noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with various biological functions [1].”
Circular RNA Expression: Its Potential Regulation and Function (2016, methodology): “In 2012, a statistical analysis of RNA-Seq data and subsequent biochemical analysis revealed a complete surprise: circRNA (see Glossary) molecules transcribed and spliced from exons in protein and noncoding genes are ubiquitous in the human and mouse genomes and, thus, are likely to be a pervasive a”