The Far- and Mid-Infrared/Radio Correlations in the Spitzer Extragalactic First Look Survey

By P. Appleton, D. Fadda, F. Marleau, D. Frayer, G. Helou, J. Condon, P. Choi, Lin Yan, M. Lacy, G. Wilson and 11 more. 2004

249 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Using the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Very Large Array (VLA), we present the first direct evidence that the well-known far-infrared/radio correlation is valid to cosmologically significant redshift. We also confirm, with improved statistics compared with previous surveys, a similar result for the mid-IR/radio correlation. We explore the dependence of monochromatic q24 and q70 on z. The results were obtained by matching Spitzer sources at 24 and 70 μm with VLA 1.4 GHz microjansky radio sources obtained for the Spitzer First Look Survey (FLS). Spectroscopic redshifts have been obtained for over 500 matched IR/radio sources using observations at WIYN and Keck, and archival Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data extending out to z > 2. We find that q24 shows significantly more dispersion than q70. By comparing the observed fluxes at 70, 24, and 4.5 μm with a library of SED templates, we find that the larger dispersion in q24 is predictable in terms of systematic variations in spectral energy distribution (SED) shape throughout the population. Although the models are not able to encompass the full range of observed behavior (both the presence of either extremely flat or extremely steep IR SEDs), the fitting parameters were used to "k-correct" the higher z galaxies, which resulted in a reduced scatter in q. For comparison, we also corrected these data using the SED for M82. The results for 24 and 70 μm provide strong consistent evidence for the universality of the mid- and far-IR/radio correlations out to redshifts of at least z = 1.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2103633ea882e34d9ece503d857f6447e7fd99c1

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Citations in the corpus

The VLA-COSMOS Survey. II. Source Catalog of the Large Project (2006, background): “The (far)IR-radio correlation for star forming galaxies appears to hold out to high redshift (Garrett 2002; Appleton et al. 2004).”
350 μm Dust Emission from High-Redshift Quasars (2006, unknown): “That this relation also holds at higher redshifts was shown by Appleton et al. (2004), who report evidence for its validity out to z ¼ 2 by matching Spitzer Space Telescope 24 and 70 m sources and VLA (Very Large Array) radio sources.”
Star Formation and the Growth of Stellar Mass (2007, background): “…is impossible to quantify this error until the advent of Herschel Space Observatory, current results suggest that the bulk of intermediateYhigh-redshift galaxies have IR spectra similar to galaxies in the local universe (Appleton et al. 2004; Elbaz et al. 2005; Yan et al. 2005; Zheng et al. 2007a).”
SHARC-2 350 μm Observations of Distant Submillimeter-selected Galaxies (2006, methodology): “…was suggested by earlier studies based on a combination of 1.4 GHz radio with Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) 15 m (Garrett 2002) and Spitzer 24 and 70 m observations (Appleton et al. 2004), both of which take advantage of SED template fitting to extrapolate fluxes into the far-infrared regime.”
Cosmic evolution of submillimeter galaxies and their contribution to stellar mass assembly (2009, background): “1 (Garrett, 2002; Gruppioni et al., 2003; Appleton et al., 2004; Boyle et al., 2007; Marleau et al., 2007; Vlahakis et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2007).”
An interferometric CO survey of luminous submillimetre galaxies (2005, background): “There is tentative evidence that this correlation applies out to high redshifts (Garrett 2002; Appleton et al. 2004), and argu bly provides a more reliable estimate of the far-infrared luminos ty than that based on the submm flux which has significant uncertaintyssociated with it due to the unknown…”
DETERMINING STAR FORMATION RATES FOR INFRARED GALAXIES (2008, methodology): “The first such study, by Appleton et al. (2004), found log(fν(24µm)/fν(1.4GHz))= q24 = 0.94 to 1.00 (depending on the subsample and correction method for SED behavior) with a dispersion of about 0.25 dex and q70 = 2.15 with a dispersion of 0.16 dex.”
The 0.4 < z < 1.3 star formation history of the Universe as viewed in the far-infrared (2009, methodology): “Moreover using deep radio observations Appleton et al. (2004) have proven that observed 70µm flux was a more robust SFR estimator than the observed 24µm flux.”
Science with ASKAP (2008, background): “[4] have demonstrated a good correlation between the 24 μm and 20 cm flux densities for objects with a median z = 0.”
Spitzer Power-Law Active Galactic Nucleus Candidates in the Chandra Deep Field-North (2007, unknown): “4 GHz) (see Appleton et al. 2004).”
EVIDENCE FOR WIDE-SPREAD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS IN THE MOST MASSIVE z ∼ 1–2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES (2014, unknown): “…24 μm to 20 cm observed flux ratio as a way to discriminate between true radio-loud AGNs and galaxies dominated by star-formation in the radio band, following the approach of Appleton et al. (2004), but including a k-correction based on the typical star-forming galaxy SED from Wuyts et al. (2008).”
The Star Formation History of the Universe as Revealed by Deep Radio Observations (2008, methodology): “To use radio data as a measure of star formation, we need to determine if the radio-IR relation, from which radio/SFR calibrations are ultimately derived, holds or changes above z = 1 (it has been shown to hold up to z ∼ 1 in the mid-IR, Appleton et al. 2004).”
GOODS-HERSCHEL MEASUREMENTS OF THE DUST ATTENUATION OF TYPICAL STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFT: OBSERVATIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET-SELECTED GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2 (2011, unknown): “3 (e.g., Appleton et al. 2004; Ivison et al. 2010; Sargent et al. 2010; Bourne et al. 2011; Mao et al. 2011).”
Spectroscopic Redshifts to z > 2 for Optically Obscured Sources Discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope (2005, methodology): “Appleton et al. (2004) show that this relation as described by the parameter q = log[fν(24 µm)/fν(20 cm)] has q = 0.8 ± 0.3.”
Toward an Understanding of the Rapid Decline of the Cosmic Star Formation Rate (2005, background): “…zk 0:7 seem to be adequately spanned by the IR SEDs of local galaxies: the evolution of the mid-IR–radio correlation to z 1 (e.g., Elbaz et al. 2002; Appleton et al. 2004), 15–24 m flux ratios from ISO and Spitzer for galaxies at z 1 (Elbaz et al. 2005), and mid-IR spectra from Spitzer of z 1…”
Spitzer Observations of Massive, Red Galaxies at High Redshift (2005, background): “Although the indications are that these hold at higher redshifts (see, e.g., Elbaz et al. 2002; Appleton et al. 2004), they should be used with some caution.”
The reversal of the star formation-density relation in the distant universe (2007, background): “However, in the redshift range of interest here, i.e. aroundz ∼ 1, the deepest existing radio data have shown that the mid IR and radio data were providing consistent Lir determinations, at the 40 % rms level,up to z ∼ 1.2 in the LIRG regime (Elbaz et al. 2002, Appleton et al. 2004).”
TWO BRIGHT SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES IN A z = 4.05 PROTOCLUSTER IN GOODS-NORTH, AND ACCURATE RADIO-INFRARED PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS (2008, background): “This is due to the fact that the radio luminosity is observed locally to be proportional to the bolometric IR luminosity (Condon et al. 1992; Yun et al. 2001), which seems to hold at high redshift as well (Elbaz et al. 2002; Garrett 2002; Appleton et al. 2004).”
DUSTY INFRARED GALAXIES: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background (2005, background): “Appleton et al. (2004) looked at the mid- and far-infrared fluxes from a purely radio-selected 1.4 GHz µJy sample of about 500 and 230 sources at 24 and 70 µm, respectively.”
PAH and Mid-Infrared Luminosities as Measures of Star Formation Rate in Spitzer First Look Survey Galaxies (2005, methodology): “The long-dashed line represents the linear fit to the radio and 24mm luminosities obtained by Appleton et al. (2004) for radioquiet sources, withK-corrections based on an M82 template.”